温州瓯飞滩附近海域春季海洋生物物种多样性及群落特征研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 02:13

  本文关键词： 瓯飞滩附近海域 浮游生物 底栖生物 游泳动物 多样性 群落结构　出处：《浙江海洋学院》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为研究瓯飞滩附近海域海洋生态状况及其年际变化情况,本文基于2011年春季与2013年春季对该海域海洋生态与游泳动物调查所获得数据资料,通过分析浮游生物、底栖生物与游泳动物的种类组成、优势种以及其生物多样性等群落特征,对该海域海洋生境质量进行了分析。主要研究结果如下： (1)浮游生物 2013年春季,浮游植物、浮游动物分别为63种与65种,生物多样性指数H'均值分别为2.34,2.66,整体生境质量一般。与2011年相同调查范围相比,浮游植物多样性、均匀度、丰富度差异较小,但优势种由中肋骨条藻、针杆藻等变为透明根管藻、三角角藻等；浮游动物种类数、多样性、均匀度、丰富度与2011年相当,但个体密度明显升高,生物量明显下降,优势种由球形侧腕水母、中华哲水蚤等变为薮枝螅水母、近缘大眼剑水蚤等。 (2)底栖生物 2013年春季,底栖生物、潮间带生物分别59种与101种,生物多样性指数H'均值分别为2.43与2.35,整体生境质量一般。与2011年相同调查范围相比,底栖生物种类数、栖息密度、生物量和多样性指数均有所上升,且在群落组成上占优势的类群由软体动物变为多毛类,优势种由红带织纹螺、不倒翁虫变为焦河蓝蛤、中蚓虫；潮间带生物多样性水平有所下降,但丰富度增大,种类数、栖息密度与生物量均大幅上升,优势种由齿纹蜒螺、疣荔枝螺等变为小藤壶、黑荞麦蛤等。 (3)游泳动物 2011年游泳动物共58种,其中,鱼类35种,甲壳类21种,头足类2种。优势种为口虾蛄、葛氏长臂虾和棘头梅童鱼3种,整体生物多样性水平一般。ABC曲线结果表明,游泳动物群落受到了中等程度的干扰。 2013年游泳动物共87种,其中,鱼类55种,甲壳类28种,头足类4种。优势种为六丝钝尾虾虎鱼、银鲳、龙头鱼3种。整体生物多样性水平一般,种间分布较均匀,种类丰富度较高,而两江口、近岸海域多样性水平较低。ABC曲线结果表明,游泳动物群落受到较严重的干扰。 在相同调查范围内,2013年游泳动物共73种,与2011年共有种类为41种,种类组成差异较大,其中,鱼类种类组成变化较大,2011年与2013年未共同出现的种类数分别为13种与24种。 2013年优势种发生变化,为六丝钝尾虾虎鱼、银鲳、日本圀3种,占总渔获量的百分比增大,且占总尾数百分比增幅明显高于重量百分比；凤鲚、棘头梅童鱼、葛氏长臂虾等经济种类IRI值明显降低,而六丝钝尾虾虎鱼IRI值明显增大,占较大优势,银鲳IRI值也有所增大。ABC曲线结果表明,瓯飞滩附近海域游泳动物群落受到的干扰程度较2011年明显增大。聚类分析结果表明,两次调查游泳动物群落相似性较低,群落结构发生了变化。生物多样性指数H'、均匀度指数J较2011年春季略有上升,丰富度指数D明显降低。游泳动物生物多样性水平与2011年相当,种间分布较均匀,但丰富度有所下降。 2013年春季各站位尾数密度均值较2011年明显增大,重量密度减小；鱼类资源密度均值增大,且尾数密度增幅较大；甲壳类资源密度均值明显降低；头足类资源密度均值减小。尾数密度大于1×103ind./km2与重量密度大于10kg/km2的种类所占总种类数的百分比降低。葛氏长臂虾、金色小沙丁鱼、凤鲚等种类资源密度下降,而六丝钝尾虾虎鱼、溊的资源密度显著增大,且尾数密度增幅较大,银鲳资源密度增大。 综上所述,浮游生物、底栖生物生境质量都有变差的趋势,游泳动物资源现状亦不容乐观。瓯飞滩附近海域海洋生态状况有变差趋势。
[Abstract]:For the study of the Oufei beach near the sea marine ecological conditions and interannual changes, and this paper based on the 2013 2011 spring spring in the area of marine ecology and animal swimming survey to obtain data, through the analysis of plankton, benthic species composition and dominant species of animal swimming, its biological diversity and other community characteristics of marine habitat quality the area was analyzed. The main results are as follows:
(1) plankton
In the spring of 2013, phytoplankton, planktonic animal were 63 and 65, the biodiversity index of average H'value was 2.34,2.66, the overall habitat quality. Compared with 2011, the same survey range, phytoplankton diversity, evenness and richness were smaller, but the dominant species by Skeletonema costatum, needle bar algae become transparent Rhizosolenia, triangle algae; planktonic animal species number, diversity, evenness, richness and individual density in 2011, but significantly increased the biomass of dominant species decreased significantly, from spherical wrist jellyfish, Calanus sinicus into obelia dichotoma, corycaeus affinis.
(2) benthos
In the spring of 2013, benthic intertidal organisms were 59 and 101, the biodiversity index of H'was 2.43 and 2.35, compared with the overall habitat quality in general. In 2011 the same survey range, benthic species number, density, biomass and diversity index increased, and in the communities the dominant taxa from animal software into polychaetes, dominant species from Nassarius succinctus, sternaspis scutata becomes the focal Helan clams in the intertidal zone of tubifex worms; the level of biodiversity decreased, but the number of species richness increased, the density and biomass were increased significantly, the dominant species of a tooth lines neritids, thaisclavigera into small barnacles, clams and other black buckwheat.
(3) swimming animals
In 2011 a total of 58 kinds of animal swimming, among them, 35 fish species, 21 crustacean species and 2 cephalopod species. The dominant species were Oratosquilla, Palaemon gravieri and collichthys lucidus 3, general.ABC curve results overall level of biodiversity showed that swimming animal community is disturbed moderately.
In 2013 a total of 87 kinds of animal swimming, among them, 55 fish species, 28 crustacean species and 4 cephalopod species. The dominant species were six silk blunt tail goby, pomfret, leading fish 3. The overall level of biodiversity, species distribution is uniform, species richness is higher, and the two river estuary, coastal waters of diversity lower levels of.ABC curves showed that the swimming animal community by the serious interference.
In the same survey area, there were 73 species of swimming animals in 2013. There were 41 species in 2011. There were great differences in species composition. Among them, fish species composition changed greatly. There were 13 species and 24 species that did not appear in 2011 and 2013.
In 2013 the dominant species changed, six silk blunt tail goby, pomfret, Japan Guo 3, a percentage of the total catch increased, and the total percentage number was significantly higher than that of WT; c.mystus, collichthys lucidus, Palaemon gravieri and other economic types of IRI was significantly lower, while the six wire IRI was blunt tail goby increased, dominant, IRI value also increased.ABC argenteus curves showed that the degree of interference by the Oufei beach near the sea swimming animal community than in 2011 increased significantly. The results of cluster analysis showed that the two survey of animal community swimming low similarity, changes in community structure. The biodiversity index H', uniform the J index rose slightly compared with 2011 spring season, species richness index D decreased significantly. The swimming animal biodiversity level comparable to that of 2011, a more uniform distribution, but species richness declined.
In the spring of 2013 were significantly increased compared to 2011 the average individual density, weight density decreased; fish resources density increases, and the individual density of crustacean resources increased considerably; the density value decreased obviously; cephalopods resource density decreases. Mean density of more than 1 types of mantissa * 103ind./ km2 with a weight density greater than 10kg/km2 percentage of the total number of species reduced. Palaemon gravieri, golden sardine, c.mystus and other types of resource density decreased, while the six wire blunt tail goby, Xia resource density increased significantly, and the individual density increase, silver pomfret density increases.
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