潍坊滨海旅游度假区人造沙滩监测及稳定性分析

发布时间：2018-02-13 18:00

本文关键词： 潍坊人造沙滩泥滩养滩冲淤演化丁坝岬湾　出处：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海岸带是自然环境中重要的组成部分，为人类提供了丰富宝贵的资源。其中天然沙滩资源越来越受到人们的重视，因其能消散近岸波浪能量，是绝佳的天然海岸防护体；同时又是很好的旅游资源，在国内也越来越受欢迎。人们认识到海滩及海岸防护的重要性，随之也开始大力发展养滩建设。但是我国优质天然沙滩资源相比欧美较为稀缺，淤泥质海岸分布较为广泛，从而独创了在泥滩上建设人造沙滩,在沉积学上称异相沉积，国外并未见此先例。潍坊滨海旅游度假区人造沙滩是近两年来的异相养滩的较好实例。本文旨在研究潍坊滨海旅游度假区人造沙滩的动态演化特征并分析其稳定性，评价其养滩工程，总结成功经验为更广泛开展异相养滩工作以借鉴。开展了以下工作:（1）搜集并整理各方面资料。（2）定期进行现场调查，测量剖面及取样。然后进行室内分析处理，与前期测量结果进行对比。分析沙滩演化的情况。（3）根据调查结果及区域概况对影响人造沙滩的冲淤因素进行分析。（4）结合调查成果及分析结果，对潍坊滨海旅游度假区人造沙滩的稳定性进行分析，依据静态岬湾平衡理论预测其稳定状态并验证，预测工程的寿命。（5）对比潍坊滨海旅游度假区人造沙滩一、二期工程的养滩实际情况，分析各种养滩手段的适用性并总结成功经验。最终得出以下结论：（1）潍坊滨海生态旅游度假区人造沙滩一期工程遭受严重侵蚀，完工18个月后岸线平均后退约108m，平均单宽侵蚀量达到307.77m3/m，抛沙及下层吹填砂性土共损失约66万m3。2013年9月完成的二期工程对原丁坝进行改建并抛沙，完工后7个月沙滩岸线平均后退约7m，最大单宽侵蚀量为32.36m3/m，侵蚀状况相较一期工程明显减轻。（2）研究区为潮滩，主要受潮流作用影响，，潮流流速较大时可以起动滩沙但作用不大。同时研究区常浪向和强浪向均为NE向，而人造沙滩丁坝向NNE向敞开，致使波浪直接传播进入沙滩前缘，造成滩沙直接流失并且形成由东向西的沿岸流使得沙滩东段滩沙向西转移。同时该海域风暴潮频发，持续增水现象严重，高水位情况下强浪不受潮滩的摩擦而直接入射，剧烈侵蚀滩沙，是影响人造沙滩冲淤的主要因素。（3）二期工程将沙滩改建成人造岬湾海滩，使用椭圆模型模拟其终极稳定状态，显示岸线形态与稳定状态相似，只是沙滩宽度距离稳定状态还有差距。这是由于抛沙未能达到设计量所致。根据经验公式预测二期工程人造沙滩寿命为7.62年，可认为是成功的养滩工程。（4）一期工程丁坝长度几乎与沙滩设计宽度持平，且直接向强浪向NNE向敞开，防护作用有限，结果一期工程侵蚀严重。二期工程将东西丁坝延长，并在沙滩中部加建T型丁坝，丁坝间距缩短为有效长度的2倍，符合丁坝群的设计原则。而东丁坝头建成环抱状形成人工岬湾，消浪作用明显，调查显示侵蚀明显减弱。二期工程丁坝起到了挡浪作用，同时兼具景观效应，为淤泥质海岸养滩及海岸防护提供了经验并丰富了岬湾养滩的理论。（5）潍坊人造沙滩建设在泥滩之上，工程建设中使用了厚土工布及塑料格栅隔层将下层较细粒沉积物与上层抛沙隔开解决了上层抛沙发生下陷与原滩细粒沉积物混合的问题。土工布在养滩工程中的使用比较新颖，成功解决了泥岸养滩的实际问题。我国淤泥质海岸分布较广，此方法将有广泛的应用空间。本文主要有两个创新点：（1）通过对比潍坊人造沙滩前后工程的养滩效果，对泥滩养滩进行了理论分析，总结评价了成功经验。（2）使用新的静态岬湾平衡形态模型—椭圆模型对潍坊人造沙滩进行稳定状态模拟，效果较好。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone is an important part of the natural environment, provides a wealth of valuable resources for human beings. The natural sand resources has attracted more and more attention, because it can dissipate wave energy, is a natural coastal protection body perfect; at the same time is a very good tourist resources in China is becoming more and more popular. People realize the importance of beach and coastal protection, it also began to develop a beach construction. But the high quality natural sand resources in China compared to Europe is scarce, muddy coast is widely distributed, thus created in the mudflat construction of artificial beach, called heterogeneous deposition in sedimentology, and the foreign no precedent. The coastal tourism resort in Weifang is a good example of artificial beach for the past two years heterogeneous beach nourishment.
This paper aims at the dynamic evolution characteristics of the coastal tourism resort of Weifang artificial beach and analyze its stability evaluation, the shallow engineering, summarized the successful experience for the more extensive heterogeneous beach nourishment to learn. Work carried out the following work: (1) collecting and sorting the data. (2) regular on-site investigation, measurement the profile and sampling. Then indoor analysis, compared with results of previous measurements. Analysis of the evolution of the beach. (3) according to the analysis of survey results and regional effects of artificial beach erosion factors. (4) combined with the investigation results and analysis results, analyze the stability of the coastal tourism resort Weifang artificial the beach, based on the static equilibrium theory to predict the headland Bay stable state and verify that the prediction of engineering life. (5) the coastal tourism resort in Weifang compared to the artificial beach, the two phase of the project the actual situation of beach nourishment. The applicability of various means of beach raising and the successful experience are summarized.
Finally, the following conclusions are drawn.
(1) Weifang Binhai eco-tourism resort artificial beach project suffered serious erosion, completed 18 months after the average back coastline of about 108m, the average single wide erosion amount to 307.77m3/m, throwing sand and lower hydraulic fill sand a total loss of about 660 thousand m3.2013 in September to complete the two phase of the project of reconstruction of the original and groin throwing sand, 7 months after the completion of the beach shoreline retreat by an average of about 7m, the largest single wide erosion 32.36m3/m, erosion in a phase of the project was reduced.
(2) the study area is mainly affected by the trend of tidal flat, the effect of tidal current velocity is larger for starting the beach sand but not very useful. At the same time of wave direction and strong wave to NE, and the artificial beach to NNE to open the groin, causing waves spread directly into the beach front, causing beach sand direct loss and from the east to the West Coast current makes the east beach sand beach west transfer. At the same time the sea storm surges frequently, increasing water friction phenomenon is serious, strong wave damp beach high water level under the condition of direct incident, severe erosion of sand beach, is the main factor affecting the artificial beach erosion.
(3) the two phase of the project will be converted into artificial beach headland Bay Beach, using the ellipse model to simulate the ultimate steady state, steady state and display shoreline morphology similar to beach width just steady state and the gap. This is because the sand dumping does not meet the design. According to the empirical formula of calculating the amount due to the two phase of the project life of 7.62 artificial beach years, is considered to be a successful beach nourishment project.
(4) the first phase of the project is almost equal with the length of spur dike beach width design, and directly to the strong wave to NNE to open the door, a limited role, the first phase of the project. The serious erosion of the two phase of the project will extend and build things spur, T type groyne beach in the middle, groin spacing is reduced to 2 times the effective length. In accordance with the design principle of groins. While the East built a groyne head surrounding shape to form the artificial headland Bay, wave dissipation effect, survey erosion decreased. The two phase of the project has played a role in spur wave, while both the landscape effect, provide the supporting experience and enrich the theory of headland Bay beach nourishment for a muddy coast beach and coast guard.
(5) Weifang artificial beach construction in the mud on engineering construction using thick geotextile and plastic geogrid layer will lower layer of fine sediments and the upper left separated solve the upper sand dumping of subsidence and beach fine sediments mixing problem. Use geotextile in beach nourishment project in the novel. The success of solving the actual problem of mud bank raising beach. Our muddy coast is widely distributed, this method will have broad application space.
This paper has two innovations: (1) through the contrast before and after the Weifang artificial beach beach nourishment project effect on the mudflat beach nourishment is analyzed, summarize and evaluate the experience. (2) using the new static headland Bay equilibrium shape model and ellipse model of Weifang in the steady state simulation of the artificial beach. The effect is good.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P748

【参考文献】