基于微生物群落特征的海岸带生境诊断方法研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 06:22

  本文关键词： 深圳湾 微生物群落结构 高通量测序 病原菌 藻毒素　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海岸带的环境污染严重威胁人类健康和经济发展,对海岸带生境的诊断能用于指导生境健康风险预警和制定污染控制策略。以往对环境污染的监测常常以理化指标为依据,但是随着污染物种类逐渐增加,其对环境的综合影响也更加复杂,使得以理化指标为唯一标准的生境诊断难以实现。为揭示多种污染物共同作用所带来的生物种群、群落乃至生态系统层面的影响,本研究以微生物群落特征为主要依据,研究了环境污染对深圳湾海岸带的综合影响及深圳湾水环境中微生物的风险特征。本研究主要运用了高通量测序技术和荧光显微技术,系统的探究了深圳湾水环境中微生物群落结构、多样性和生物量的时空变化规律及其环境影响因素,获得了以下研究成果:(1)各项理化指标在深圳湾随空间变化呈现显著差异,其中溶解氧呈湾内向湾外递增的空间分布规律,而生物量、叶绿素以及溶解性无机氮和总磷基本呈现由湾内向湾外递减的空间分布规律。(2)季节变化对深圳湾海岸带微生物群落结构的影响要显著大于位置变化和深度变化所带来的影响,通过相关性分析得出对微生物群落结构影响最显著的环境因子是温度,此外,无机盐环境因子中以硝酸盐氮和氨氮对微生物群落结构的影响相对显著。总浮游生物量则与硝氮、氨氮和总磷的含量显著相关。(3)暴雨对深圳湾水环境中微生物群落的影响主要包括:一,暴雨初期水环境中的微生物群落多样性出现显著上升,而在暴雨结束后恢复到常规水平;二,暴雨过后,蓝藻和放线菌在群落结构中的比例有明显上升。(4)深圳湾的病原菌在环境中总比例平均为2.59‰,主要包括气单胞菌、肠球菌、分枝杆菌、绿脓杆菌、腐生性葡萄球菌和耶尔森氏菌。不同季节病原菌的含量呈现出春季冬季秋季夏季的规律;其中深圳湾近岸海域中病原菌含量要显著高于中心线海域;基于粪便指示微生物溯源分析显示深圳湾水环境与典型城市污染河道中的菌种组成有显著差异。(5)鱼腥藻毒素、节球藻毒素、短裸甲藻毒素、石房蛤毒素和柱孢藻毒素的典型功能基因在深圳湾海岸带水环境中未被检测到;微囊藻毒素合成基因Mcy B在春季深圳湾海岸带部分位置的水体中被检出。
[Abstract]:The environmental pollution in coastal zone is a serious threat to human health and economic development. The diagnosis of coastal zone habitat can be used to guide the early warning of habitat health risk and to formulate pollution control strategies. In the past, the monitoring of environmental pollution is often based on physical and chemical indicators. However, as the species of pollutants increase gradually, their comprehensive impact on the environment becomes more complex, which makes it difficult to realize the habitat diagnosis based on physical and chemical indicators, in order to reveal the biological populations brought about by the interaction of various pollutants. The effect of community and even ecosystem level is mainly based on the characteristics of microbial community. The comprehensive effects of environmental pollution on the coastal zone of Shenzhen Bay and the risk characteristics of microorganisms in the water environment of Shenzhen Bay were studied. The temporal and spatial changes of microbial community structure, diversity and biomass in Shenzhen Bay were systematically investigated. The following results were obtained: 1) the physical and chemical indexes showed significant differences with spatial changes in Shenzhen Bay. Among them, the dissolved oxygen (do) increased gradually outside the bay, while the biomass, The seasonal variation of chlorophyll, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus in the coastal zone of Shenzhen Bay was significantly larger than that caused by the change of location and depth. The seasonal variation of chlorophyll and dissolved inorganic nitrogen and total phosphorus showed a decreasing spatial distribution from the inner bay to the bay, and the seasonal variation had a greater effect on the microbial community structure in the coastal zone of Shenzhen Bay. Through correlation analysis, it was concluded that the most significant environmental factor affecting the microbial community structure was temperature. In addition, nitrate and ammonia nitrogen had relatively significant effects on the microbial community structure. The effects of heavy rain on the microbial community in Shenzhen Bay water environment are as follows: 1. The diversity of microbial communities in the water environment increased significantly at the beginning of the storm, but returned to the normal level after the rainstorm; Secondly, the proportion of cyanobacteria and actinomycetes in community structure increased obviously after heavy rain.) the total proportion of pathogens in Shenzhen Bay was 2.59 鈥，

本文编号：1512627