小型潮流能发电关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 18:03

本文关键词： 小型潮流能叶轮失速翼型叶素动量理论流固耦合样机试验　出处：《国家海洋技术中心》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：潮流能发电是当今世界解决能源需求、环境保护、社会可续发展的重要途径,小型实用化作为潮流能发电趋势之一,不仅在广阔的海域具有应用前景,还可为海洋观测设备水下能源供给提供新型解决方案。针对小型装置的功率限定问题,本文开展小型潮流能发电样机的设计与研究工作,着重研究决定样机性能的叶轮设计,重点解决小型叶轮设计参数确定、失速型翼型选择与特性计算、小型叶轮设计与性能分析、叶轮流固耦合分析等关键技术问题,并对设计样机进行试验验证。基于我国海域海况,采用理论及数值模拟方法对小型潮流能发电样机的总体设计参数进行研究,分析确定了包括设计流速、叶轮直径、叶片数、设计尖速比等小型叶轮的关键技术参数,以及发电机选型和密封箱体设计的参考准则。针对国内均采用失速性能较差的NCAC翼型进行定桨设计的现状,选择专为定桨叶轮设计的失速型翼型S809、FFA-W3-241、RIS?-A1-21并结合NACA63-418进行对比研究与翼型特性计算,并分析各种数值模拟算法在翼型特性计算上的准确性及常用数值外推方法的适用性。基于现有设计理论,分别对四种叶轮叶片进行水动力外形设计及性能分析。设计和分析结果表明:RIS?-A1-21叶轮的输出特性曲线最符合设计要求,功率降低发生较早、最大输出功率较小、能较快达到稳定功率输出状态且稳定输出功率接近额定输出功率。对样机进行结构设计,并采用流固耦合分析方法对装置关键部件——叶片进行强度分析:CFD分析为结构分析提供流体动力载和识别极端载荷工况,并对计算工况下的输出特性、空化特性、流场特性进行分析;静结构分析对极端载荷工况下的叶轮结构强度和刚度进行校验,并开展导入流体载荷的网格敏感性研究;模态分析对叶轮结构的固有频率和振型进行了分析计算。为验证设计样机性能,对样机进行试验研究,并将试验结果与叶素动量理论计算结果及CFD结果进行对比。试验结果表明,在试验验证尖速比下,试验结果与理论计算结果、CFD计算结果均吻合较好。
[Abstract]:Tidal current power generation is an important way to solve the energy demand, environmental protection and social sustainable development in the world today. As one of the trends of tidal power generation, small-scale practical power generation not only has the application prospect in the vast sea area. It can also provide a new solution for underwater energy supply of marine observation equipment. Aiming at the power limitation problem of small devices, the design and research work of small power generation prototype is carried out in this paper, and the impeller design that determines the performance of the prototype is studied emphatically. The key technical problems, such as the determination of design parameters of small impeller, the selection and characteristic calculation of stall airfoil, the design and performance analysis of small impeller, the coupling analysis of rotating blade and solid, etc. Based on the sea conditions of our country, the overall design parameters of the prototype are studied by using the theory and numerical simulation method, and the design velocity, the diameter of impeller, the number of blades are analyzed and determined. The key technical parameters of small impeller design, such as tip speed ratio, as well as the reference criteria for generator selection and seal box design, are discussed. Aiming at the current situation of NCAC airfoil with poor stall performance, the design of fixed propeller is carried out in China. Select the stall type airfoil S809 FFA-W3-241 RIS designed for a fixed blade wheel. A1-21 is compared with NACA63-418 to calculate the airfoil characteristics, and the accuracy of various numerical simulation algorithms and the applicability of common numerical extrapolation methods are analyzed, based on the existing design theory, the accuracy of the numerical simulation algorithms and the applicability of the commonly used numerical extrapolation methods are analyzed. The hydrodynamic profile design and performance analysis of four kinds of impeller blades were carried out respectively. The output characteristic curve of the A1-21 impeller meets the design requirements most, the power reduction occurs earlier, the maximum output power is smaller, the stable output power can reach the stable power output state quickly and the steady output power is close to the rated output power. The structure of the prototype is designed. Using the fluid-solid coupling analysis method to analyze the strength of the vane, a key component of the device, the CFD analysis provides the hydrodynamic load and identifies the extreme load conditions for the structural analysis. The output characteristics and cavitation characteristics under the calculation condition are also discussed. Static structure analysis is used to check the strength and stiffness of impeller structure under extreme load condition, and the grid sensitivity of introducing fluid load is studied. Modal analysis was carried out to analyze and calculate the natural frequency and mode shape of impeller structure. In order to verify the performance of the prototype, the prototype was tested and studied. The experimental results are compared with the theoretical results of leaf element momentum and the results of CFD. The experimental results show that the experimental results are in good agreement with the calculated results of theoretical calculation.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋技术中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P743.3

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