黄河调水调沙影响下河口入海泥沙扩散及地貌效应
发布时间:2018-02-21 05:52
本文关键词: 黄河调水调沙工程 入海泥沙扩散 粒度变化 地貌效应 出处:《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:据2013年7月黄河调水调沙期间三船同步四断面(A、B、C、D)25h水文泥沙连续观测的资料,分析了四断面及各断面所含站位点的流速、含沙量、温度及盐度的分布特征,计算了各连续站表、中、底三个层位的净泥沙单宽通量,以此来讨论调水调沙期间河口入海泥沙扩散和沉积的范围,,并结合2010年黄河调水调沙期间(7月)和黄河调水调沙前(5月)、调水调沙后(9月)黄河口底质沉积物样品的实测数据,提取并分析调水调沙实施前(1996-2002年)和实施后(2002-2008年)的卫星遥感数据资料,评价黄河调水调沙工程计划对黄河泥沙及河口地貌效应的作用,得到的主要结论包括: 1)调水调沙期间,高温低盐的黄河冲淡水离岸扩散,扩散范围较大;入海泥沙在向海扩散过程中迅速沉积在近岸的河口口门附近,距岸约11km,扩散的范围有限,水沙扩散范围不一致。调水调沙期间各站位温盐跃层明显,在浅水区域水体垂向混合强烈,分布均匀,在深水区域悬浮泥沙主要集中在跃层以下的水体中传输。 2)黄河调水调沙期间各站连续25h的净泥沙单宽通量分布特征显示,黄河口沿岸悬浮泥沙主要向东及偏东南方向扩散。受径流影响,河口口门泥沙通量最大可达85×103g/m/s,但在距离河口10km以外区域通量锐减,清水沟废弃河口区通量位于其次,其他地区通量普遍较低。 3)2010年调水调沙之前,河口附近淤积的泥沙粒径较粗(以砂和粉砂为主要成分)、分选较好;调水调沙期间入海泥沙主要以粗颗粒物质为主,沉积速率大;调水调沙结束以后,河口地区表层沉积物的粒径变细,黏土含量增加,分选变差,说明调水调沙后期入海泥沙粒径较细,覆盖在之前沉积的粗颗粒沉积物之上;一段时间后经过冬季风暴的侵蚀作用,上覆的细颗粒泥沙通过再悬浮被搬运,之前沉积的粗颗粒泥沙暴露在海底,因不易被搬运而保留。经过调水调沙工程逐年进行,河口处粗颗粒泥沙淤积量增多,对河口造陆的贡献较大。 4)调水调沙实施以前(1996-2002年),河口岸线平均最大淤进速率约为1.7km/a,同时废弃河口河嘴岸线最大平均每年蚀退0.4km,孤东海域在这一期间岸线以蚀退为主,每年约蚀退0.277km,南部莱州湾的西北则呈现略淤积的特点。调水调沙实施后,河口岸线大幅淤进,最大速率约为0.777km/a,该速率虽小于调水调沙实施之前的平均速率,但由于河口明显加宽,总淤进面积远大于1996年至2002年期间河口的淤进面积。河口三角洲蚀积状态发生显著变化,1996-2002年期间,河口最大淤积厚度量约为4m,且现行水下三角洲叶瓣为净侵蚀,侵蚀量达0.39Gt(109t),在2002年以后淤积最大厚度可达6m,现行水下三角洲叶瓣为净淤积,淤积约量为0.28Gt。表明调水调沙实施以后,河口入海泥沙由于扩散范围有限而沉积在河口附近,使河口岸线向海淤进速率显著增加而水下三角洲部分由净侵蚀转换为净淤积,增加了黄河入海泥沙的造陆速率。
[Abstract]:According to the data of the continuous observation of the water and sediment of the four sections ( A , B , C , D ) of the Yellow River during the Yellow River Diversion Project in July 2013 , the distribution characteristics of the flow rate , the sediment content , the temperature and the salinity of the stations included in the four sections and each section are analyzed . 1 ) During the water - adjusting and sand - adjusting period , the high - temperature and low - salt Yellow River is diffused and diffused offshore , and the diffusion range is relatively large ; the sediment in the sea is rapidly deposited near the estuary of the nearshore in the process of centripetal diffusion , the range of the diffusion is limited , and the diffusion range of the water sand is not consistent . During the water - adjusting and sand - adjusting period , the temperature - salt jump layer of each station is obvious , the vertical mixing of the water body in the shallow water area is strong , the distribution is uniform , and the suspended sediment in the deep water area is mainly concentrated in the water body below the jump layer . 2 ) The net sediment single - width flux distribution characteristics of continuous 25h in the Yellow River diversion sediment show that the suspended sediment along the Yellow River Estuary is mainly spread in the east and southeast directions . The sediment flux of the estuary is up to 85 脳 103 g / m / s , but the flux of the river mouth is reduced . The flux of the abandoned river mouth area of the clear water ditch is the second , and the flux of other areas is generally lower . 3 ) Before the water diversion and sediment adjustment in 2010 , the sediment grain size in the vicinity of the river mouth is coarse ( mainly composed of sand and silt ) , the separation is good ; the sediment in the surface layer of the river mouth is mainly dominated by coarse granular material and the sedimentation rate is large during the water - adjusting and sand - adjusting period ; 4 ) Before the implementation of water regulation and sand regulation ( 1996 - 2002 ) , the average maximum deposition rate of the river mouth is about 1.7 km / a . At the same time , the maximum average erosion rate of the river mouth is about 0.7km / a , and the maximum velocity is 0.39Gt ( 109t ) . The maximum velocity is 0.39Gt ( 109t ) . The maximum velocity is 0.39Gt ( 109t ) .
【学位授予单位】:中国海洋大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:P737.1
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