海洋功能变迁对葫芦山湾水质影响分析

发布时间：2018-02-26 00:28

本文关键词： 海洋功能变迁水交换能力海水水质　出处：《大连理工大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大连长兴岛经济技术开发区作为辽宁省沿海经济带上五个关键节点之一,经济区内的葫芦山湾海域因其优越的自然条件,已率先成为各大企业投资开发所关注的热点。由于社会经济的不断发展,葫芦山湾海洋空间资源利用历经了滩涂养殖、港口航运开发、围海造地阶段等多个发展阶段,为此,国家也适时对该区域海洋功能区划进行了多次调整。大规模海洋空间资源开发活动引发了葫芦山湾岸滩地形的改变,进而对湾内水体交换能力产生了一定程度的影响,但规划的有效实施对区域环境的综合整治也取得了一系列成效。上述环境的综合作用下,葫芦山湾内的海水水质环境随着区域海洋功能变迁产生了一定变化,本文仅对这种水质环境变化的范围与程度开展相应研究。本文系统性阐述了大连长兴岛经济技术开发区从无到有、湾内海洋功能区划的多次调整,以及工业化和城镇开发对湾内岸线变化及水体交换能力的影响,结合历时10余年间具有代表性年份的海水水质环境监测的数据分析,讨论了海域主导功能的改变对海湾海水水质,特别是富营养化状况的影响。研究结果表明:1、滩涂养殖阶段(2005年之前),葫芦山湾主要用海方式为滩涂底播养殖,海岸基本保留自然形态,海域水质富营养化程度处于贫营养状态。2、港口开发阶段(2006-2007年),为保障7-10万吨级大型深水码头建设通航,湾口海域进行了一定规模的填海造地和港池、航道疏浚工程,导致湾口岸线发生了一定程度的改变,造成水体富营养化现象的发生,部分污染因子出现超标。3、围海造地阶段(2008-2014年),湾内海域使用类型由养殖用海调整为工业与城镇用海,为满足临港工业、船舶制造企业的用地需求,较大规模填海造地导致湾内海域空间明显缩小、岸线化曲为直、水体交换周期显著变长,湾内海域水体出现富营养化状态,个别污染物因子出现明显超标现象。4、工业企业运营阶段(2015年之后),葫芦山湾岸线局地略有改变,涉海企业投入营运,由于原有填海造地进处于一步消化过程中,新建项目用海需求减弱,湾内污水处理厂、排水渠、工业废弃物处理中心等环保公共基础设施建设运营,根据监测结果显示,葫芦山湾海域水质基本达标,海湾海洋环境质量得以一定程度的恢复。综上研究得出,海湾的工业化开发与利用,对海域空间资源的占用是较大的,对岸线、滩涂改变显著、并较难恢复,从而会对海湾水动力交换能力产生一定程度的影响,但对海洋环境特别是海水水质环境的影响并非完全不可控。港区、航道及填海造地施工期产生的无组织排放对海水水质环境影响是短期的、可恢复的。而营运期期间环境综合管理水平将对海水水质起到至关重要的作用。此外,海湾水交换能力的减弱,必然导致水体自净能力下降,这就要求湾内沿岸企业具有较高的环境风险事故应急和联防联控水平,避免环境事故污染海湾水体事件的发生。
[Abstract]:Dalian economic and Technological Development Zone of Changxing Island as a coastal economic zone in Liaoning Province on one of the five key nodes, Hulushan Bay economic area because of its superior natural conditions, has become the first focus of investment and development companies. Because of the economic and social development, Hulushan Bay marine space resource utilization through the beach aquaculture, port shipping development, land reclamation stage several stages of development, therefore, the state also timely in the area of marine functional zoning has been adjusted several times. Large scale ocean resource development activities triggered Hulushan beach terrain changes, and the water exchange to a certain extent, but the comprehensive improvement the effective implementation of planning of regional environment has made a series of achievements. The comprehensive effect of the environment, water environment in the sea area with Hulushan Ocean function changes have certain changes, the corresponding research scope and extent of this paper only the water environment changes. This paper systematically expounds the from Dalian Changxing Island economic and Technological Development Zone, the functional divisions of the sea water and many adjustments, influence and development of industrialization and urbanization changes on the Bay shoreline exchange capacity, combined with the diachronic analysis of seawater water quality monitoring is representative of the year 10 years of data, discussed the leading function of the Gulf sea change of sea water, especially the influence of eutrophication status. The research results show that: 1, breeding stage (before 2005), Hulushan Bay is mainly used for beach sea bottom sowing culture, coast to retain the basic natural form, sea water eutrophication in poor nutritional status of.2, port development stage (2006-2007 years), for the protection of 7-10 tons of large deepwater codes The first construction of navigation, the Bay reclamation and harbor, waterway dredging project, to change to a certain extent bay port line, causing the phenomenon of eutrophication, pollution factors appear to exceed the standard.3, reclamation stage (2008-2014 years), in the sea area use types by breeding the use of sea adjustment for industrial and urban sea, in order to meet the needs of port industry, shipbuilding enterprises demand for large scale reclamation resulted in the sea area of shoreline space was reduced, bend into straight, water exchange cycle was significantly longer in the sea area, eutrophication status, individual pollutants significantly exceed the standard phenomenon.4, industrial enterprise operation stage (after 2015), Hulushan Bay shoreline local changes, sea related enterprises put into operation, due to the reclamation in one step into the digestive process, with a new project The sea demand weakened, the sewage treatment plant, drainage, industrial waste treatment center and other environmental protection public infrastructure construction and operation, according to the monitoring results show that Hulushan bay water quality standards, to a certain degree of recovery of marine environmental quality in the bay. The industrialization development and utilization of the Bay, the space occupation of the sea area resources is the larger, shoreline, tidal changes significantly, and more difficult to recover, which will have a certain degree of the water exchange capability, but to the marine environment especially the seawater environment is not completely uncontrollable. Port, waterway and land reclamation construction period have no effect on seawater environment discharge is short-term, recovery and comprehensive management level. The environment during the operation period will be a crucial role on the seawater quality. In addition, the bay water exchange capacity reduction Weak, will inevitably lead to a decline in water purification capacity, which requires the enterprises along with high environmental risk accidents and emergency joint prevention and control level, avoid environmental pollution accidents in the Gulf water events.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X55;P74

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