基于遥感的台州市海啸脆弱性评估

发布时间：2018-02-26 12:27

本文关键词： 遥感海啸脆弱性层次分析法　出处：《海洋学报》2016年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：遥感技术由于具有强大的对地观测能力,因而在灾害评估方面表现出了巨大的潜力。本文基于灾害风险评估理论,利用ASTER GDEM高程数据,NPP/VIIRS灯光数据和LANDSAT卫星影像3种遥感数据对台州市海啸脆弱性进行了评估。主要从暴露性,敏感性和恢复能力3个方面进行了研究:暴露性主要分析了离岸距离因子;敏感性除了考虑到高程、坡度和海岸形状等自然地理因子外,同时也兼顾了社会经济因子;恢复能力主要由土地利用进行分析。利用层次分析法(AHP)计算了敏感性四因子的权重值。最后将脆弱性分为高、较高、中等、较低和低5个等级。脆弱性分析结果显示,台州市沿海研究区域中,78.1%的区域属于低脆弱性,5.9%区域是稍微脆弱,5.4%属于中等脆弱,8.8%是稍高脆弱性,还有1.8%属于高脆弱性区域。脆弱性偏高的地区大多位于近岸6km内,高程和坡度较小的区域。该脆弱性分析方法可推广到全国其他县市区域的海啸风险评估工作中,为政府海啸防灾减灾工作提供科学参考。
[Abstract]:Remote sensing technology has shown great potential in disaster assessment because of its strong Earth observation capability. This paper is based on the theory of disaster risk assessment. The vulnerability of Taizhou tsunami was evaluated by using ASTER GDEM elevation data, NPP / VIIRS lighting data and LANDSAT satellite images. Sensitivity and resilience were studied in three aspects: exposure mainly analyzed offshore distance factors, sensitivity took into account not only natural geographical factors such as elevation, slope and coastal shape, but also social and economic factors. The resilience is mainly analyzed by land use. The weights of the four sensitive factors are calculated by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the vulnerability is divided into five grades: high, high, medium, low and low. The results of vulnerability analysis show that, In Taizhou coastal research area, 78.1% of the areas belong to low vulnerability area, 5.9% are slightly fragile, 5.4% belong to moderate vulnerability and 8.8% belong to high vulnerability area, and 1.8% belong to high vulnerability area. Most of the areas with high vulnerability are located within 6 km near the shore. The vulnerability analysis method can be extended to the tsunami risk assessment in other counties and cities in China and provide a scientific reference for the government's tsunami prevention and mitigation work.
【作者单位】：国家海洋环境预报中心;国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41201075) 国家海洋公益项目(201405026)
【分类号】：P731.25;P715.7

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