冰基拖曳式海洋浮标研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 17:26

本文选题：STC12L5A40S2　切入点：海洋浮标　出处：《东北师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着人类社会不断的发展和人口的增加,环境污染越来越严重,生态环境遭到破坏,全球气候环境变的越来越恶劣,各种自然灾害频频出现。海洋作为地球生态循环的重要组成部分,在全球气候调节中扮演重要角色[1]。为了更好的研究全球气候,需要更多地了解海洋。二十世纪四十年代末到五十年代初,海洋浮标技术的诞生,为人类更好的了解海洋,开发海洋,迈出重要一步[2]。浮标系统不仅体积小、功能多样,而且能在各种恶劣的环境中长期稳定的工作。正是由于具备这些特点,逐步成为人类研究海洋,开发利用海洋资源的重要工具[3-4],成为了海洋监测领域数据的主要来源。随着现代化的发展,海洋浮标广泛的应用于船舶导航、海洋环境监测、海底探查、海洋气候监测等,涉及经济、环境、气候、军事、能源等诸多领域。本文依托于中国海洋大学极地科学考察项目,与中国海洋大学及国家海洋技术中心合作,综合北极气候条件以及北极科研数据的需求,设计了一款低功耗、高可靠性、低成本的新型极地海洋浮标——冰基拖曳式海洋浮标。其功能是采集北极气象参数、100米垂直剖面的海水的盐度和温度,并且监测北极海冰的运动情况。该浮标由冰上浮体和冰下剖体两部分组成。冰上浮体括冰上数据采集、ARGOS卫星通讯和供电系统。冰上数据采集以STC12L5A40S2作为核心控制器,搭载了温湿度传感器、气压传感器、GPS卫星定位模块,通过一系列算法和C语言编程技术,实现数据的采集和传输。供电系统采用可充电锂电池给系统供电,充分利用极地的风力资源,设计出一款垂直轴风力发电机为锂电池充电,大大提高了浮标的使用寿命。冰下剖体部由一根100米电缆与冰上部分进行连接,搭载了CTD传感器、电控阀、油泵、油囊。利用STC12L5A40S2控制CTD进行数据采集,通过“485”通讯协议与冰上部分进行数据交互。控制电控阀、油泵来改变油囊体积,控制剖体上浮和下沉。在上浮过程中每隔一米采集一次海水的温度、盐度以及海水的深度参数。经过一年多的努力,从项目方案论证、元器件选取,结构设计、硬件电路平台搭建以及软件系统的编写,在满足需求的同时,尽可能的提高浮标的稳定性和低功耗的特性。由于实验场地的限制,实验测试拷机只能在实验室完成。经过一个多月的实验拷机测试和抚仙湖100米水下实验,基本满足预定的要求,正准备投放北极。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of human society and the increase of population, the environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, the ecological environment has been destroyed, and the global climate environment is getting worse and worse. The ocean, as an important part of the earth's ecological cycle, plays an important role in global climate regulation [1]. From the end of 1940s to the beginning of 50s, the birth of ocean buoy technology is an important step for mankind to better understand and develop the ocean. [2] the buoy system is not only small in size, but also versatile in function. And to be able to work steadily for a long time in a variety of harsh environments. It is precisely because of these characteristics that man has gradually become a man in the study of the oceans, The important tools for exploiting and utilizing marine resources [3-4] have become the main sources of data in the field of ocean monitoring. With the development of modernization, marine buoys have been widely used in ship navigation, marine environment monitoring, seabed exploration, marine climate monitoring, etc. This paper relies on the Polar Science Exploration Project of China Ocean University, and cooperates with China Ocean University and the National Marine Technology Center, which is involved in many fields, such as economy, environment, climate, military affairs, energy, etc. Taking into account Arctic climate conditions and the requirements of Arctic scientific data, a low power consumption, high reliability, A low cost new polar ocean buoy-ice-based towed ocean buoy. Its function is to capture the salinity and temperature of seawater in the 100m vertical profile of the Arctic meteorological parameter. The buoy consists of two parts: the ice floatation body and the subglacial body. The ice floatation body includes the data acquisition on the ice and the ARGOS satellite communication and power supply system. The data collection on the ice uses STC12L5A40S2 as the core controller. It carries temperature and humidity sensor, air pressure sensor and GPS satellite positioning module, realizes data acquisition and transmission through a series of algorithms and C language programming technology. The power supply system uses rechargeable lithium battery to supply power to the system. Making full use of the polar wind resources, a vertical axis wind generator is designed to charge the lithium battery, which greatly improves the service life of the buoy. Electronic control valve, oil pump, oil capsule. Use STC12L5A40S2 to control CTD for data acquisition, data exchange with the ice part through "485" communication protocol. Control electronic control valve, oil pump to change the volume of oil capsule, The temperature, salinity and depth parameters of seawater are collected at intervals of one meter during the process of floating. After more than one year's effort, the project scheme, the selection of components and components, the structure design, The hardware circuit platform and the software system can meet the requirements and improve the stability and low power consumption of the buoy as much as possible. After more than a month of test and test and 100 meters underwater experiment in Fuxian Lake, it basically meets the scheduled requirements and is preparing to put into the North Pole.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P715.2

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