浮子式波能转换装置及其深海平台减振一体化系统研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 05:01

  本文选题：波能转换装置　切入点：浮子外形优化　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：波浪能是地球上蕴藏丰富的可再生能源。由于其具有能流密度大、对海岸港口的景观视觉影响小以及整体生命周期碳排放量低等优点,波能转换技术从上世纪初开始就受到各国的关注。但是波浪能随海域地理位置和时间变化剧烈,导致波能转换装置难以保持最佳工作状态,且波能转换装置所处环境恶劣,在极端海况下,波能装置易损坏,而采用不易损坏的波能转换装置往往发电效率又较为低下。另一方面,在离岸较远的深海地区,虽然波浪能蕴藏更为丰富,但电能的并网运输会较为困难。因此相比风力发电和光伏太阳能发电,目前波浪能在发电技术上不够成熟、发电成本较高。目前较为成熟的应用是给航标灯、航标船供电以及给边远海域、海岛的国防以及开发等提供能源。但随着日益突出的环境污染问题,在近十年世界各国、特别是欧美等国,对波能开发技术研究提供了倾斜性的政策支持,使得波浪能技术也逐步从实验室走向了工程应用。虽然我国海岸线较长,但是由于第一岛链存在的地理位置原因,我国的近海波浪能相比其它国家、特别是北欧南美国家,波能密度相对较小,因此对波能装置的转换效率要求更为突出。为此,本文首先以直驱振荡浮子式波能发电装置作为研究对象,一方面通过对近海海底支撑的单体垂荡浮子水动力外形优化和对深海设置浮体支撑的垂荡浮子的锁定控制两个方面进行研究,进一步提高装置捕获波能的效率;另一方面参考双体浮子波能转换装置捕能原理和调谐质量阻尼器减振原理,提出了两种用于深海平台的调谐减振-发电垂荡板系统、与深海平台形成新型复合海洋能结构,其中调谐垂荡板系统与深海平台运动自由度调谐共振、抑制深海平台相应自由度的运动响应,同时可以高效捕获和转换波浪能、直接供给平台使用、解决波浪能发电并网输送使用困难问题。本文主要研究内容如下,(1)以海底支撑单体浮子为研究对象,为方便考虑发电机行程约束、浮子底部出水面抨击约束条件对捕获能效的影响,采用随机振动理论,推导建立了不规则海况下,发电机行程约束、浮子底部出水面抨击对浮子式波能装换装置的捕获功率折减的理论计算公式,并建立了频域计算方法对浮子的年均捕获能效进行快速计算。针对一个以三控制点的三次样条曲线构造了参数化的旋转体外形的单体垂荡浮子波能转换装置,联合MATLAB和ANSYS-AQWA软件,建立了在指定海况下,以该年发电量为优化目标的浮子几何外形自动优化程序。并通过一实际海况下的优化算例,通过数值模拟计算对比,用于验证算法的有效性。(2)本文提出了一种用于深海条件下的直驱式双体垂荡浮子式波能转换装置,并提出可以采用一种双出杆液压装置用于施加锁定控制,以便提高装置的波能转换效率。根据锁定控制状态下,波激力与锁定控制力的关系,提出和建立了一种基于锁定控制力反馈的最优锁定控制策略。并通过一实际海况下的算例,分析本文提出的基于锁定控制力反馈的最优锁定控制策略的有效性。(3)本文根据针对平台控制垂荡和控制摇动两个目的,提出了两种用于深海平台振动控制和波能转换一体化的调谐减振-发电垂荡板系统。以南海某深海半潜式平台为例,在Simulink中分别建立了的两个半潜式平台调谐减振-发电垂荡板系统的时域计算模型。对两种调谐减振-发电垂荡板系统的垂荡板大小、调谐周期以及发电机阻尼进行参数和优化分析。数值模拟结果表明,该垂荡板系统能够有效控制平台运动同时能够提供客观的能量。(4)为建立调谐减振-发电垂荡板的力电性能模型,分别对垂荡板进行了水动力特性实验以及发电机系统的力电性能试验。垂荡板水动力性能实验和研究了不同厚宽比、运动频率以及不同KC数对垂荡板的水动力参数的影响。采用实验分析了不同频率、幅度运动以及不同大小负载电阻条件下,能量输出系统的力学特性和电学特性,并建立相应的计算模型。最后通过实验研究了这两种调谐减振-发电垂荡板在不同频率的简谐运动驱动下,该系统的运动性能、对平台的控制性能以及发电性能。(5)为验证研究前文提出的新型调谐减振-发电垂荡板系统对深海平台的运动控制效果以及波浪能捕获性能,在大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室进行了缩尺比为1:70某半潜式平台调谐减摇-发电垂荡板系统一体化模型实验。通过自由衰减实验、规则波实验以及不规则波实验,分析研究了不同负载电阻条件下,调谐减摇-发电垂荡板系统对平台运动控制和捕获能效的影响,从而验证该装置的有效性。(6)提出了深海半潜式平台调谐减振-发电垂荡板系统的实时混合模拟实验方法。采用伺服平板永磁直线电机作为垂荡板物理子系统实验实时可控驱动的作动器,搭建和完成了相应两个系统实时混合模拟实验。根据两种深海半潜式平台调谐减振-发电垂荡板系统在几种不规则波浪下的运动响应和捕获能效结果,与纯数值模拟计算结果进行比较,验证了该实验方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Wave energy on earth is rich in renewable energy. Because of its high energy density, low and small overall life cycle carbon emissions on the coast of the port landscape visual impact, wave energy conversion technology from the beginning of the last century it has attracted worldwide attention. But with the sea wave energy location and time variation, lead wave energy conversion device to keep the best working state, and the wave energy conversion device of bad environment, in extreme condition, the wave energy device is easy to damage, and the damage wave energy conversion device with low power generation efficiency often. On the other hand, the farther offshore deep sea area, although the waves it is more abundant, but the power grid transportation would be difficult. Therefore compared to wind power and solar power generation, the current wave energy in power generation technology is not mature enough, the relatively higher cost of power generation. Mature application is for a beacon, beacon ships and power supply to the remote area, provide energy island defense and development. But with the environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, in the past ten years all over the world, especially Europe and the United States, the wave energy technology research and development to provide preferential policies, the wave energy the technology also gradually from the laboratory to the engineering application. Although China's long coastline, but due to the geographical position of the first island chain exists, China's offshore wave energy compared to other countries, especially in the Nordic countries in South America, the wave energy density is relatively small, so the conversion efficiency requirements of the wave energy device is more prominent. Therefore firstly, the direct drive of oscillating buoy wave power device as the research object, through a single body of vertical support for offshore swing float hydrodynamic shape optimization and set up support for deep-sea floating body Vertical locking control two aspects of research on the float, to further improve the efficiency of wave energy capture device; on the other hand reference catamaran float wave energy conversion device can capture principle and tuned mass damper principle, two kinds of vibration for tuning the deep-sea platform - power Heave Plate system is presented, the formation of new composite structure of ocean with the deep sea platform, wherein the tuning of Heave Plate System and the degree of freedom motion platform deep tuned resonance, inhibit the movement of deep-sea platform corresponding degree of freedom response, and can efficiently capture and conversion of wave energy, direct supply platform, solve the difficult problem of wave power generation using delivery. The main contents are as follows. (1) study the object of single float supported by sea, for the convenience of considering the travel restrictions, the float out of the water at the bottom of attacking the constraint on the impact of capture efficiency, using random vibration The theory presented irregular sea conditions, generator trip constraints, float out of the water at the bottom of the calculation formula of the float can attack Shi Bo installed for the device to capture power reduction theory, and established the frequency domain calculation method of float average energy efficiency are calculated. The rapid capture of a needle with three control points of the three kind the curve is constructed of single vertical rotating body shape parameters of the float on the wave energy conversion device, combined with MATLAB and ANSYS-AQWA software, established in the specified conditions, automatic optimization program with the annual capacity of the geometrical shape optimization objectives. Through the optimization of a practical condition as an example, through numerical simulation the calculation for comparison, verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. (2) this paper presents a method for the direct drive type catamaran heave float type wave energy conversion device of deep sea conditions, and proposes using a dual rod hydraulic device For applying the lock control device, so as to improve the conversion efficiency of wave energy. According to the lock control state, the relationship between the wave induced force and lock control force, propose and construct an optimal control strategy of lock lock control based on force feedback. And through a real sea as an example, analysis of the proposed optimal lock control lock based on force feedback control strategy is effective. (3) according to the control platform heave and control shaking for two purposes, two for offshore platform vibration control and damping tuned wave energy conversion integrated power - Heave Plate system is presented in the South China Sea. A semi submersible platform as an example, calculation time domain model in Simulink were established in 2.5 submersible platform of power - tuned damping of Heave Plate system. The two generation of Heave Plate - tuned vibration reduction system of Heave Plate size, tuning cycle and generator resistance Nigeria analysis parameters and optimization. The numerical simulation results show that the heave plate system can effectively control the platform at the same time can provide the objective of energy. (4) for the mechanical and electrical properties to establish the model of power - tuned vibration reduction of Heave Plate, respectively on the heave plate of hydrodynamic characteristic experiment and power generator system electrical performance test. The hydrodynamic performance of Heave Plate experiment and research of different thickness to width ratio, effect of exercise frequency and different KC numbers on the heave hydrodynamic parameters of plate. The experimental analysis of the different frequency, amplitude and motion resistance of different sizes under load conditions, the mechanical properties and electrical properties and energy output system. The calculating model is developed. Finally, through the experimental study of the two generation - tuned vibration reduction of Heave Plate driving in simple harmonic motion with different frequencies, the motion performance of the system, the control performance of the platform and power Performance. (5) proposed to verify the research model of tunedvibration reduction above power - Heave Plate System for deep-sea platform motion control effect and wave energy capture performance in coastal and offshore engineering Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of 1:70 scale of a semi submersible platform tuned fin - power Heave Plate system integration model experiment. By the free decay experiments, regular wave experiments and irregular wave experiments, analysis of different load conditions, tuning fin - power Heave Plate System on the impact of platform motion control and capture efficiency, so as to verify the effectiveness of the device. (6) proposed real-time hybrid simulation method in deep sea semi submersible platform vibration generator tuned heave plate system. The servo flat permanent magnet linear motor as the heave plate physical subsystem experiment of real-time controllable actuator, build and complete The corresponding simulation experiment of two systems. According to the two kinds of hybrid real-time semi submersible platform vibration generator tuned Heave Plate System in several irregular waves motion response and capture efficiency results, and the numerical simulation results were compared, the experiment verified the effectiveness of the method.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P743.2;P751
，

本文编号：1582473