基于遥感水边线的环渤海地区潮滩研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 20:02

本文选题：潮滩　切入点：环渤海地区　出处：《中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：潮滩是海陆交互作用的敏感地带,对保护海岸生态系统、促进沿海地区经济发展具有重要作用。近年来,大规模的围填海工程造成了潮滩资源的巨大变化,迫切需要掌握宏观、准确的潮滩信息。基于此,本研究选取经济快速发展的环渤海地区作为研究区,综合遥感和GIS技术研究更加准确的潮滩资源提取方法,并在此基础上从现状和动态变化两个方面开展更加全面的潮滩研究。本文的主要研究内容为:(1)使用环境卫星影像作为数据源,综合DSAS软件和Jenks Natural Breaks分类方法对大量不同时刻的水边线进行分析确定出潮滩范围。(2)分析2014年环渤海地区潮滩资源存量和分布特征及其开发程度和利用方式。(3)选择现代黄河口和曹妃甸两个区域作为典型区,研究2009~2014年间潮滩动态变化信息和驱动因素。研究结果表明:①2014年环渤海地区潮滩资源的存量为2778.59 km2,其中绝大多数分布在河流入海口和海湾附近。②2014年环渤海地区整体的潮滩开发度为1.95,绝大多数的潮滩资源已经被人们开发利用;修建养殖池是最常见的利用方式,而用于农业围垦的比例最小,未被开发的潮滩大多分布在基岩岸线和砂质岸线附近。③泥沙输运供应模式发生改变是潮滩侵蚀或者淤积的主要原因;大量的围填海工程会造成潮滩面积的减少,同时也会改变潮滩分布的形态。本文的特点及创新点为:基于遥感水边线提出一种改进的潮滩提取方法,提出潮滩开发度指标、结合海岸线类型对潮滩开发程度和利用方式进行研究。综上,本研究从提取方法、分布特征、开发程度、利用方式和动态变化等方面对潮滩开展研究,一定程度上丰富了潮滩研究的方法和技术,同时对促进潮滩的合理利用和可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Tidal flat is a sensitive zone of interaction between sea and land, which plays an important role in protecting coastal ecosystem and promoting economic development in coastal areas. In recent years, large-scale reclamation projects have caused great changes in tidal beach resources, so it is urgent to master macroscopics. Based on this, this study selects the rapidly developing area of Bohai Sea as the study area, and studies more accurate method of extracting tidal beach resources by using remote sensing and GIS technology. On this basis, a more comprehensive study of tidal flat is carried out from two aspects: current situation and dynamic change. The main research content of this paper is: 1) using environmental satellite image as data source, DSAS software and Jenks Natural Breaks classification method are used to analyze a large number of water boundary lines at different times to determine the range of tidal flat.) to analyze the resource stock and distribution of tidal flat around Bohai Sea in 2014, its exploitation degree and utilization mode. The modern Yellow River Estuary and Caofeidian are typical areas. The dynamic change information and driving factors of tidal flat during 2009 and 2014 were studied. The results show that: 1 the storage of tidal flat resources around Bohai Sea in 2014 is 2778.59 km ~ 2, most of which are distributed near the estuary of river and the bay. 2The whole area around Bohai Sea in 2014. The development degree of tidal flat is 1.95, and most of the tidal flat resources have been exploited and utilized by people. The construction of breeding ponds is the most common form of use, and the proportion used in agricultural reclamation is the least. The change of sediment transport and supply mode near the bedrock and sandy shoreline is the main reason of tidal beach erosion or siltation, and a large number of reclamation projects will reduce the tidal flat area, the undeveloped tidal flat is mostly distributed near the bedrock shoreline and sandy shoreline, and the change of sediment transport and supply mode is the main cause of tidal beach erosion or siltation. At the same time, it will change the form of tidal flat distribution. The characteristics and innovation of this paper are as follows: based on remote sensing water boundary, an improved tidal flat extraction method and a tidal flat exploitation index are proposed. Combined with the shoreline type to study the development degree and utilization mode of tidal flat. In summary, this study studies tidal flat from the aspects of extraction method, distribution characteristics, exploitation degree, utilization mode and dynamic change, etc. To some extent, it enriches the methods and techniques of tidal flat research, and has important practical significance to promote the rational utilization and sustainable development of tidal flat.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P748

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