具有盐水循环的小型多效蒸发海水淡化过程研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 20:27

本文选题：海水淡化　切入点：盐水循环　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：水是人类赖以生存的基本物质,水资源是一个国家可持续发展的重要指标,淡水资源缺乏正在成为全球广泛存在且日益严重的社会问题,它正在制约社会经济的发展,成为继能源之后又一个引发国际冲突、地区矛盾和社会恐慌的焦点。我国是世界上最严重的缺水国之一,海水淡化是解决水资源短缺的重要途径。海水淡化现已得到国家的高度重视。我国是海洋大国,海岸线漫长,沿海具有大量岛屿,许多海岛上不具有淡水水源,以往淡水的消耗靠接雨水和从陆地运输,极不稳定且成本较高。海水淡化技术的发展将为这些岛屿提供新的重要淡水来源。另外,远离大陆的船舶需要携带淡水或进行海水淡化,目前大型远洋船舶都采用海水淡化方式补水。我国已成为世界造船大国,但高效率的船用造水机还依赖于进口,我国目前还缺乏自主的海水淡化装置设计制造能力,与我国造船大国地位不相适应,也大大降低了我国造船业的利润空间,使得我国的造船效益大打折扣。鉴于此,本文提出一种具有盐水循环的船用小型多效蒸发海水淡化系统,利用船舶动力余热作为热源,装置结构紧凑,适于对场地要求严格的海岛、远洋轮船、大型舰船等场所。主要内容如下：1.对低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统进行热力计算,分析蒸发／冷凝器效数、海水流程、盐水流程对系统性能的影响。2.创造性地提出具有盐水循环的50T/d小型船用多效蒸发海水淡化系统流程,分析其性能参数,并与常规流程进行比较,总结盐水循环系统的优势。3.针对所提出的具有盐水循环的系统,开展50T/d小型船用多效蒸发海水淡化装置的结构设计分析。
[Abstract]:Water is the basic material on which human beings depend for survival. Water resources are an important indicator of a country's sustainable development. The lack of fresh water resources is becoming a widespread and increasingly serious social problem in the world, and it is restricting the development of social economy. It has become the focus of international conflicts, regional conflicts and social panic after energy. China is one of the world's worst water-deficient countries. Seawater desalination is an important way to solve the shortage of water resources. Seawater desalination has been attached great importance to by the country. China is a large marine country with a long coastline, a large number of islands along the coast, and many islands do not have fresh water sources. In the past, the consumption of fresh water depended on Rain Water and land transport, which was extremely unstable and costly. The development of desalination technology would provide these islands with new and important sources of fresh water. Ships far away from the mainland need to carry fresh water or desalinate seawater. At present, large ocean-going ships use seawater desalination to replenish their water. China has become a shipbuilding power in the world, but efficient marine water generators still rely on imports. Our country still lacks the independent seawater desalination plant design and manufacture ability at present, does not adapt to our country shipbuilding big country status, also greatly reduces our country shipbuilding industry profit space, causes our country shipbuilding benefit to be greatly reduced. In this paper, a small marine multi-effect evaporative desalination system with brine circulation is proposed, which uses the ship's power waste heat as the heat source. The device is compact and suitable for ocean-going ships with strict site requirements. Large ships and other places. The main contents are as follows: 1.Thermodynamic calculation of low-temperature multi-effect evaporative desalination system, analysis of evaporation / condenser efficiency, seawater flow, The effect of brine process on the system performance. 2. Creatively put forward the 50T/d multi-effect evaporative seawater desalination system with brine cycle, analyze its performance parameters, and compare it with the conventional process. The advantages of brine circulation system are summarized. The structural design and analysis of 50T/d small marine multi-effect evaporative seawater desalination unit is carried out in view of the proposed system with brine circulation.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P747

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