溢油分散剂效率及油滴粒径分布影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 08:06

  本文选题：溢油分散剂 + 波浪槽　； 参考：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：溢油分散剂的使用是目前主要的溢油事故应急手段之一。其使用效果评价指标主要为分散效率及处理后乳化液油滴粒径。当前溢油分散剂的评价方法主要为实验室小规模试验,但该类方法与自然条件差异较大,为了使测试条件体现出海洋的水动力条件,本文使用了波浪槽实验测定分散效率和乳化液中油滴粒径,并分析其这两个指标的影响因素,以期为分散剂在实际海况下的实际应用提供依据。本文利用红外测油仪分析了GM-2型分散剂和微普生物型分散剂在不同条件下处理120#船用燃料油的分散效率,结果表明：对比空白组,使用GM-2分散剂可使分散效率增加约1.3至4.7倍,微普分散剂约0.2至0.7倍。提高温度和分散剂与油配比(DOR)均能提高分散效率,这两者对分散剂配比的影响关系均不呈线性,由于15℃至20℃区间油粘度迅速减小,GM-2分散剂在15℃至20℃区间分散效率增加为26%-37%,在20℃至25℃增加约10%-14%；而微普分散剂前者增加了10%-17%,后者增加了3%-9%；在20℃时,GM-2分散剂分散效率随DOR为10%、20%和30%依次环比增长约57%和25%,微普分散剂环比增长约18%和7%。推波频率的变化对最终分散效率影响较小。本文还测定了不同取样深度下的分散效率变化情况,结果表明：液面下3cm处的瞬时分散效率约为液面下10cm处的1.2至1.5倍,30min后两者趋近,最终乳化液浓度较浅处略大于较深处。本文进一步研究了不同条件下使用GM-2型分散剂后乳化液中油滴粒径的分布情况,计算其方差以及平均粒径并进行了对比,结果表明：船用120#燃料油在不使用分散剂的情况下最终油滴粒径大小维持在20μm至30μm,在DOR为20%到30%的情况下,油滴粒径可被分散为51μm至10μm。但分散剂的使用达到20%以上之后,增加用量粒径减小并不明显；温度是影响油滴粒径的另一重要因素,乳化液中油滴粒径随温度升高而下降,其中15℃至20℃区间由于油粘度减小迅速,粒径减小速度明显。此外,本研究还证明了波浪条件对于乳化液油滴粒径的重要影响：在加入分散剂的情况下,更快的波浪频率可加快油滴粒径的细化过程,对比无波浪条件,乳化液油滴的平均粒径可由20μm至30μm降至10μm以下。
[Abstract]:The use of oil spill dispersant is one of the main emergency measures for oil spill accidents. The evaluation index of its application effect is mainly the dispersing efficiency and the particle size of the treated emulsion oil droplet. At present, the evaluation methods of oil spill dispersant are mainly laboratory small-scale tests, but there is a great difference between these methods and natural conditions. In order to make the test conditions reflect the hydrodynamic conditions of the sea, In this paper, the dispersion efficiency and oil droplet diameter in emulsion were measured by wave trough experiment, and the influencing factors of these two indexes were analyzed in order to provide the basis for the practical application of dispersant in the actual sea condition. In this paper, the dispersion efficiency of 120 # marine fuel oil treated with GM-2 dispersant and microbiological dispersant under different conditions is analyzed by using infrared oil analyzer. The results show that the dispersion efficiency of 120 # marine fuel oil treated with GM-2 dispersant can be increased by 1.3 to 4.7 times compared with the blank group. Microdispersant is about 0.2 to 0.7 times. Increasing the temperature and the ratio of dispersant to oil can improve the dispersing efficiency, and the relationship between them is not linear. Because of the rapid decrease of oil viscosity between 15 鈩，

本文编号：1928314