宁德沿海风暴潮特征及数值模拟研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 15:34

本文选题：宁德沿海 + 风暴潮　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：宁德地处福建省东部沿海，是我国台风暴潮灾害最严重的岸段和重灾区之一。本文首先对风暴潮灾的成灾机制进行了简要分析，认为宁德沿海受热带气旋、温带气旋以及寒潮或冷空气的影响，均有可能形成风暴潮灾害，最主要的风暴潮灾害由热带气旋所引起，但受冷空气和热带气旋共同影响，宁德沿海也易形成风暴潮灾害。本文还对建国以来宁德沿海具有代表性的风暴潮灾如6614、6911、9216、9608、0608、0908号等台风过程和风暴潮灾害情况进行了回顾。然后统计分析宁德沿海代表站三沙验潮站1959~2009年的验潮资料，结合宁德受灾实际，将宁德沿海风暴增水强度分为5个等级，通过频率分布的统计分析，本文划分的风暴潮增水强度等级更能适应宁德沿海，对宁德防灾减灾建设和防潮抗台规划更具有指导意义。对于正面登陆我国东南沿海的典型台风，因台风路径不同，宁德沿海所处台风的区域有所不同，有着不同的风暴潮特征。本文将影响宁德沿海较为严重的台风路径分为三类：一是绕过台湾岛北端，登陆浙江南部地区的台风，，二是穿过或靠近台湾岛北部，正面登陆闽东北地区的台风，三是穿过台湾岛或从台湾岛南侧进入台湾海峡，并登陆闽中、闽南地区的台风，并对各类路径的风暴潮特征进行了分析。本文还进行了多年一遇风暴增水的推算，这对沿岸工程建设将有一定的帮助。最后，由于国内外针对宁德沿海风暴潮特征的研究较少，也缺少相适应的风暴潮数值模式，传统的风暴潮灾害预警报方法已较难适应宁德沿海工程建设和经济发展的需求，因此本文基于FVCOM数值模式，建立了适用于宁德海域的三维风暴潮数值模型，其中台风气压场采用高桥公式和藤田公式嵌套的方法，台风风场则通过台风梯度风和移行风场两个矢量场叠加，并考虑台风移行产生的风场以及梯度风到海面风的订正。通过对7123、0713、0716号等多个台风过程的数值模拟验证，此模型能够较好地模拟出宁德海域的天文潮、台风风暴潮增水过程。
[Abstract]:Ningde is located in the eastern coast of Fujian Province, and is one of the most serious storm surge disasters in China. In this paper, the mechanism of storm surge disaster is briefly analyzed, and it is considered that storm surge disaster may be formed in Ningde coastal area affected by tropical cyclone, extratropical cyclone and cold or cold air. The main storm surge disaster is caused by tropical cyclone, but it is easy to form storm surge disaster along the coast of Ningde by the influence of cold air and tropical cyclone. This paper also reviews the typhoon process and storm surge disasters in Ningde coastal area since the founding of the PRC, such as 661414691 92169169608, 0608,0908. Then, statistical analysis is made on the tidal data of Sansha tidal inspection station in Ningde coastal representative station from 1959 to 2009. Combined with the actual situation of Ningde disaster, the increasing water intensity of Ningde coastal storm is divided into five grades, and the statistical analysis of frequency distribution is carried out. The grade of water intensity of storm surge in this paper is more suitable for the coastal areas of Ningde, and has more guiding significance for the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation and the planning of dampproof and anti-platform in Ningde. For typical typhoons landing on the southeast coast of China the typhoon in Ningde coastal area is different due to different typhoon paths and has different storm surge characteristics. In this paper, the more serious typhoon paths affecting the coastal area of Ningde are divided into three categories: one is to bypass the northern end of Taiwan Island, and the other is to make landfall through or near the northern part of Taiwan Island, and directly into the northeast of Fujian. The third is to enter the Taiwan Strait through or from the southern side of Taiwan Island and make landfall on the typhoon in central Fujian and South Fujian. The storm surge characteristics of all kinds of tracks are analyzed. The calculation of storm water increase in many years is also carried out in this paper, which will be helpful to coastal engineering construction. Finally, due to the lack of domestic and foreign research on the characteristics of storm surge in Ningde coast and the lack of suitable storm surge numerical model, the traditional storm surge disaster early warning method has been difficult to meet the needs of coastal engineering construction and economic development in Ningde. Therefore, based on the FVCOM numerical model, a three-dimensional storm surge numerical model suitable for Ningde sea area is established, in which the typhoon pressure field is nested by Takahashi formula and Fujita formula. The typhoon wind field is superposed by the two vector fields of the typhoon gradient wind and the transition wind field, and the wind field generated by the typhoon transition and the correction of the gradient wind to the sea surface wind are considered. Through the numerical simulation of several typhoon processes such as 7123Y 0713,0716 and so on, the model can well simulate the astronomical tide and typhoon storm surge increasing water process in Ningde sea area.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P731.23

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