深水S型铺设托管架基本设计关键力学问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 13:31

本文选题：托管架设计 + 深水S型铺设方法　；参考：《大连理工大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：在深水海洋油气开发中,海底管道的铺设面临着巨大的挑战。对于大口径管道深水铺设,如果采用传统的S型铺设方法,管道的上弯段要承受很大的弯曲变形。为了克服这一问题,人们提出了J型铺设法的概念,但是J型铺设缺点是铺设效率很低。近年来,人们在深水大口径S型管道铺设方面取得了突破,其中关键在于托管架设计技术。然而,采用深水S型铺设仍存在很大的风险,尤其是深水托管架设计仍存在许多不确定的因素,特别是在基本设计层面。深水托管架包括主结构与辅助结构。主结构的作用是为管道的上弯段提供几何边界条件,也是托管架设计的主要研究工作。托管架主结构可以简化为一个曲梁结构,而梁的长度与刚度是基本设计关键参数。为了对保证管道上弯段的约束,托管架要有足的弧长,同时也要有足够的刚度。深水托管架的设计荷载主要有托辊载荷与船体运动引起的惯性载荷。大口径管道深水铺设的上弯段,通过托辊对托管架施加了很大的重力荷载,而船体运动导致了该荷载分布状态及幅值变化的不确定性；且托管架主要参数又与管道参数和张紧力相关,目前这些设计参量之间的相互关系尚无明确的表达式描述。这使得托管架设计缺少相应的分析及设计理论。针对托管架基本设计中涉及的复杂问题,本文首先分析了托管架基本参数与管道之间的关系。通过对下弯段分析,得到了其顶端设计张力及脱离角度的表达式,并以此为边界条件对上弯段分析,获得了上弯段管道与托管架基本设计参数之间的关系,得到了托管架基本参数设计模型,包括托管架曲率半径及长度,托辊几何参数,以及作用在托辊上的静载荷；通过将托管架结构刚度凝聚到基本设计中得到的离散点上,在这些点与管道之间设置间隙单元,得到了托管架结构设计刚度快速验证模型。这样利用数值分析解决了托管架基本设计中托管架几何参数、托管架刚度和管道之间的相互关系。其次,针对铺设时船体运动引起的动态接触以及托管架设计动荷载,提出了深水托管架子结构试验方法,将托管架及上弯段管道作为一个子结构,将下弯段管道及铺管船简化为该子结构的等效输入和集中质量,而不必考虑其具体物理模型,解决了深水托管架试验几何比尺选择的问题。利用该试验方法分析了托管架设计动载荷的分布状态,定义了动载荷放大因子,得到了既定船体运动下托管架设计载荷的放大因子包络,为托管架结构设计动载荷的选取提供了借鉴。最后,在模型试验的基础上,对托管架结构寿命进行了预测,并基于管道分析及托管架设计结论提出了基于托管架数值模型的管道铺设实时安全监测方案。该方案可通过采集实时铺设数据即时判断管道与托管架安全状态,这对于实际管道铺设工程具有重要的保障作用。通过数值分析及模型试验,解决了托管架基本设计过程中铺设参数之间的相互关系、托辊载荷等力学问题,制定了托管架设计流程,提出了实时铺设的安全监测及预警方案,形成了深水托管架设计及分析体系,为深水管道S型铺设技术及核心设备托管架设计提供了技术支持。
[Abstract]:In deepwater offshore oil and gas development , the laying of submarine pipelines is faced with great challenges . In order to overcome this problem , the concept of J - type laying is proposed . In order to overcome this problem , the concept of J - type laying is put forward . In recent years , there is a great risk for the laying of large - caliber S - type pipeline in deep water . In recent years , there is still a great risk in the application of deep - water S - type laying . However , there are still many uncertain factors in the design of deep - water S - type pipeline , especially at the basic design level .

The main structure can be simplified into a curved beam structure , and the length and rigidity of the beam are the key parameters of basic design .

The design load of the deep water pipe supports the inertia loads caused by the load of the idler rollers and the movement of the hull . The upper bending section of the large - caliber pipeline deep water is applied with a great gravity load on the hosting rack through the supporting roller , and the ship motion results in the uncertainty of the load distribution state and the amplitude variation ;
In addition , the main parameters of the pipe rack are related to the pipe parameters and the tension force , and there is no explicit expression description of the relation between these design parameters . This makes the design of the managed frame lack the corresponding analysis and design theory .

In view of the complex problems involved in the basic design of the rack , this paper first analyzes the relationship between the basic parameters of the rack and the pipe . Through the analysis of the lower bending section , the relations between the design parameters of the top bending section and the basic design parameters of the pipe rack are obtained . The design model of the basic parameters of the managed frame is obtained , including the radius and length of the curvature radius and the length of the hosting frame , the geometric parameters of the idler roller and the static load acting on the supporting roller ;
Based on the model test , this paper presents a method for testing the design stiffness of a managed frame , and then proposes a real - time safety monitoring scheme for pipeline laying based on the numerical model of the managed frame .

Through numerical analysis and model test , the relations between the laying parameters and the load of the supporting roller in the basic design process of the rack are solved , the design flow of the hosting rack is established , the safety monitoring and early warning scheme for the real - time laying is put forward , and the design and analysis system of the deep water pipe rack is formed , and technical support is provided for the design of the S - type laying technology of the deep water pipeline and the design of the core equipment hosting rack .
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P756.2

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