反渗透海水淡化水的消毒及调质洗涤研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 13:32

本文选题：反渗透海水淡化水 + 消毒　；参考：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球淡水资源短缺已成为人们日益关注的问题,反渗透海水淡化技术已经成为解决全球水资源危机的重要途径。反渗透海水淡化水与自来水相比具有矿物质元素含量低、pH偏酸性、硬度和碱度更低等特点,目前对于经反渗透海水淡化技术处理后的水质消毒和洗涤应用的相关研究未见报道。针对淡化水消毒和洗涤问题,本研究从淡化水水质自身特点的角度出发,比较了反渗透海水淡化水的消毒方法,探讨了淡化水直接用于洗涤过程中影响洗净率的因素,提出了对淡化水适当调质后提高洗净率的思路。研究结果表明：(1)通过比较反渗透海水淡化水的三种消毒方法,次氯酸钙、二氧化氯和紫外线消毒各有优缺点。通过对H、TDS、余氯、微生物数量等指标进行考察,确定消毒剂剂量分别为次氯酸钙5 mg/L,二氧化氯1 mg/L,紫外线5mJ/cm2;经次氯酸钙和二氧化氯消毒后的淡化水在存放28 d的过程中,其pH、硬度、TDS、电导率等水质指标基本不变；当次氯酸钙添加量为5 mg/L的淡化水贮存5d后,其余氯由5 mg/L降低到0.09mg/L。和次氯酸钙和二氧化氯通常适用于贮水过程中消毒相比,紫外线更适用于管网消毒。(2)当反渗透海水淡化水直接用于洗涤时,淡化水的洗净率要低于自来水。通过比较淡化水和自来水的水质对洗涤剂pH、表面活性物含量和钙镁螯合量以及洗净率的影响,发现在蓝月亮洗涤剂洗涤过程中,淡化水的pH为5.9,洗净率为12.89%,而自来水pH在7.4左右,最接近蓝月亮洗涤剂最佳pH作用范围,洗净率为13.18%；淡化水洗涤前后表面活性物含量分别为0.69%和0.23%,洗净率为12.89%,而自来水洗涤前后的表面活性物含量分别为0.58%和0.31%,洗净率为13.48%；淡化水的钙镁螯合量为2.47 mg/L,洗净率为12.99%,此时自来水的钙镁螯合量为22.5 mg/L,洗净率为13.58%。对于同一种水质,蓝月亮洗涤剂的洗净率明显高于超能和奥妙洗涤剂。(3)通过适当提高反渗透海水淡化水的硬度和碱度可以有效提高其洗净率。在一定的硬度(0 mg/L硬度100 mg/L)、碱度(0 mg/L硬度100 mg/L)范围内,反渗透海水淡化水的洗净率呈现先升高后缓慢降低的趋势。通过比较发现复合2#-7#洗净率具有明显优势,因此在硬度为1.25-30 mg/L,碱度为1.75-42mg/L时洗涤效果最明显。。比较超能、蓝月亮和奥妙等洗涤剂的洗净率,发现蓝月亮的洗净率达到22.35%左右,而奥妙和超能的洗净率均在21%左右。
[Abstract]:The shortage of freshwater resources in the world has become an increasingly concerned problem. Reverse osmosis seawater desalination technology has become an important way to solve the global water crisis. Compared with tap water, reverse osmosis seawater desalination water has the characteristics of lower mineral element content, lower pH, lower hardness and lower basicity, etc. At present, there is no report on the disinfection and washing application of reverse osmosis seawater desalination technology. Aiming at the disinfection and washing problems of desalination water, this study compared the disinfection methods of reverse osmosis seawater desalination water from the point of view of the characteristics of desalination water quality, and discussed the factors that influence the washing efficiency of desalination water directly used in washing process. The idea of improving washing rate after proper conditioning and tempering of desalination water was put forward. The results showed that by comparing the three disinfection methods of reverse osmosis seawater desalination water, calcium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide and ultraviolet disinfection had advantages and disadvantages respectively. The disinfectant dosages were determined to be 5 mg / L of calcium hypochlorite, 1 mg / L of chlorine dioxide and 5 mg / cm ~ 2 of ultraviolet light, respectively. The desalination water after disinfection with calcium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide was stored for 28 days. The pH, hardness, conductivity and other water quality indexes remained unchanged, and the rest of chlorine decreased from 5 mg/L to 0.09 mg / L after storage for 5 mg/L in desalination water. Compared with calcium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide, UV is more suitable for pipe network disinfection than calcium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide. When reverse osmosis seawater desalination water is used for washing directly, the washing efficiency of desalination water is lower than that of tap water. By comparing the effects of water quality of desalination water and tap water on the pH of detergent, the content of surfactant, the amount of calcium and magnesium chelate, and the washing rate, it was found that in the process of washing blue moon detergent, The pH of desalinated water is 5.9, the washing rate is 12.89, while the pH of tap water is about 7.4, which is the closest to the best pH range of blue moon detergent. Before and after washing, the content of surface active substances was 0.69% and 0.23%, the washing rate was 12.89, while that of tap water before and after washing was 0.58% and 0.31, respectively, and the washing rate was 13.48%, the amount of calcium and magnesium chelate in desalinated water was 2.47 mg / L, The net rate is 12.99. The calcium and magnesium chelate in tap water is 22.5 mg / L and the washing rate is 13.58. For the same water quality, the washing rate of blue moon detergent is obviously higher than that of supercharged and mysterious detergents. By properly increasing the hardness and basicity of reverse osmosis seawater desalination water, the washing efficiency can be improved effectively. In the range of 100 mg / L hardness of 0 mg/L and 100 mg / L of basicity of 0 mg/L, the washing rate of reverse osmosis seawater desalination water increased firstly and then decreased slowly. It is found that the washing efficiency of compound 2 #-7# has obvious advantages, so the washing effect is the most obvious when hardness is 1.25-30 mg / L and basicity is 1.75-42mg/L. The washing rate of blue moon and magic detergent was about 22.35%, while that of mysterious and supercharged detergent was about 21%.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P747.5

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