强震作用下导管架平台倒塌安全储备研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 22:38

本文选题：导管架平台 + 安全储备　；参考：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：海洋平台分为固定式平台和移动式平台两种,其中导管架平台是固定式平台的典型代表,也是目前近海应用最多的海洋平台形式。导管架平台除了承受自身重力和甲板设备重力以外,还受到复杂的环境载荷的影响,如风、浪、流、冰和地震等载荷。其中,风、浪、流和冰载荷作用下的导管架平台结构的反应分析研究的人比较多,地震载荷则研究得相对较少,规范在地震载荷这块也少有涉及。地震是一种剧烈的能量释放过程,强震导致的建筑物毁坏容易造成严重的经济损失和人员伤亡,而中国近海三大石油蕴藏区(渤海、南黄海和南海)都是地震活动区,这意味着导管架平台在服役期间可能会遭受地震作用。为了保证平台的安全,避免因地震造成的人员伤亡和经济损失,对导管架平台进行抗震倒塌安全储备研究是十分必要的。本文基于美国应用技术委员会ATC (Applied Technology Council)提出的倒塌安全储备系数(Collapse Margin Ratio, CMR)和健康与安全执行委员会HSE(Health and Safety Executive)推荐使用的储备强度比(Reserve Strength Ratio, RSR)这两个安全储备评价指标对导管架平台结构的整体安全储备能力进行了研究,具体内容有：简单介绍了反应谱理论,对国际标准化组织(ISO)、美国石油协会(API)和中国船级社(CCS)这三家关于固定式平台抗震分析的规范进行了学习,对比了相关规范中设计反应谱的规定,挑选出了适合中国渤海海域的设计反应谱,并按照规范步骤得到了该设计反应谱。介绍了静力弹塑性分析方法的流程,重点介绍了侧向力分布模式的影响和能力谱法,详细地给出了能力谱法每个步骤的流程及一些理论背景,为下文的静力弹塑性分析方法求CMR提供了先备知识。对ATC-63报告《Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors》中基于增量动力分析(Incremental Dynamic Analysis, IDA)得到CMR的过程进行了介绍,并应用该方法对渤海某一导管架平台做地震倒塌分析。通过有限元分析程序OpenSees (Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation)对该平台进行有限元建模和分析。根据地震波选择原则选出20条合适的地震波对平台做IDA,并在此基础上得到平台的CMR。用较简单的静力弹塑性分析方法代替繁复的IDA得到了CMR,并通过对比两者的结果验证了此方法的合理性。根据Pushover分析结果得到导管架平台的RSR。通过列举Pushover分析得到CMR和RSR过程中的每个影响因素,对比分析了这两个安全储备评价指标的优劣。提出了改进的CMR指标分析方法,给出了该方法的基本思想和分析步骤,论证了该方法的合理性,并总结了该方法的优缺点。用该方法对一组不同顶端质量的导管架平台进行了分析,得出了CMR、RSR和延性系数μ的变化趋势,据此分析了这三个安全储备评价指标的优劣。根据CMR与RSR的关系,提出一种确定CMR限值的想法。
[Abstract]:Offshore platform is divided into two types: fixed platform and mobile platform. Jacket platform is the typical representative of fixed platform, and it is also the most widely used offshore platform. In addition to their own gravity and deck equipment gravity, jacket platforms are also affected by complex environmental loads, such as wind, waves, currents, ice and earthquakes. Among them, the response analysis of jacket platform structure under wind, wave, current and ice loads has been studied by many people, but the seismic load has been studied relatively less, and the code is seldom involved in the seismic load. Earthquakes are a violent process of energy release. The destruction of buildings caused by strong earthquakes can easily cause serious economic losses and casualties, while the three major oil-bearing areas off the coast of China (Bohai Sea, South Huang Hai and South China Sea) are seismically active areas. This means that the jacket platform may be subject to earthquake during service. In order to ensure the safety of the platform and avoid the casualties and economic losses caused by the earthquake, it is necessary to study the seismic collapse safety reserve of the jacket platform. This paper is based on the assessment of the collapse safety reserve coefficient (collapse Margin Ratio, CMR) proposed by the ATC Applied Technology Council and the Reserve Strength Ratio, RSR) recommended by the Executive Committee on Health and Safety (HSE(Health and Safety Executive). The overall safety reserve capacity of jacket platform structure is studied. The main contents are as follows: the theory of response spectrum is briefly introduced, and the three codes of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the American Petroleum Association (API) and the China Classification Society (CCS) on seismic analysis of fixed platforms are studied. The design response spectrum suitable for Bohai Sea area in China was selected by comparing the design response spectrum in the relevant codes and the design response spectrum was obtained according to the standard steps. The flow chart of static elastic-plastic analysis method is introduced, and the influence of lateral force distribution mode and capability spectrum method are emphatically introduced. The flow chart and some theoretical background of each step of capability spectrum method are given in detail. This paper provides a preliminary knowledge of the static elastoplastic analysis method for CMR. The process of obtaining CMR based on incremental Dynamic Analysis, IDA) in ATC-63 report < Quantification of Building Seismic Performance Factors > is introduced, and the seismic collapse analysis of a jacket platform in Bohai Sea is made by using this method. The finite element modeling and analysis of the platform are carried out by the finite element analysis program OpenSees / Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation). According to the principle of seismic wave selection, 20 suitable seismic waves are selected to do IDA on the platform, and the CMRs of the platform are obtained on this basis. The simple static elastoplastic analysis method is used to replace the complicated IDA, and the rationality of the method is verified by comparing the results of the two methods. According to the results of Pushover analysis, the RSRs of jacket platform are obtained. Each influencing factor in the process of CMR and RSR is obtained by enumerating Pushover analysis, and the advantages and disadvantages of these two safety reserve evaluation indexes are compared and analyzed. An improved CMR index analysis method is put forward, its basic idea and analysis steps are given, the rationality of the method is proved, and the advantages and disadvantages of the method are summarized. By using this method, a group of jacket platforms with different top mass are analyzed, and the variation trends of CMRN RSR and ductility coefficient 渭 are obtained, and the advantages and disadvantages of these three safety reserve evaluation indexes are analyzed. According to the relationship between CMR and RSR, an idea of determining the limit value of CMR is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P751

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