海洋浮游微食物网对氮、磷营养盐的再生研究综述

发布时间：2018-05-31 22:12

  本文选题：微食物网 + 微型浮游动物　； 参考：《海洋通报》2016年03期

【摘要】：海洋浮游微食物网包括病毒、细菌、聚球藻蓝细菌、原绿球藻、微微型自养真核生物、微型浮游动物(混合营养和异养鞭毛虫、纤毛虫)等生物类群,其中病毒、细菌及微型浮游动物等异养生物类群是海洋中氮、磷营养盐再生的重要贡献者。海洋中细菌吸收还是释放营养盐取决于细菌与底物中元素的比例,在多数海区,异养细菌都是吸收营养盐。病毒主要通过溶解宿主来释放宿主细胞中的物质,释放的营养元素的存在形态大多为有机物。微型浮游动物对营养盐的再生主要通过排泄来完成,目前在实验室内测定微型浮游动物排泄率的研究比较少,进行研究的主要困难有两个:第一,微型浮游动物的室内培养较难;第二,测定微型浮游动物的代谢率技术难度较高。根据已有研究结果,鞭毛虫的单位体重排氮率为2.8~140μg N(mg DW)~(-1)h~(-1),最大排氮率为7.0×10-9~13.8×10-6μg NH4+N cell~(-1)h~(-1),再生效率为0~100%;最大排磷率为3.8×10-9~6.6×10-7μg P cell~(-1)h~(-1),再生效率为0~100%。鞭毛虫的营养盐排泄率和再生效率受鞭毛虫自身的生长阶段和生活策略、饵料中元素比例及温度的影响。纤毛虫的单位体重排氮率为0.25~178μg N(mg DW)~(-1)h~(-1),最大排氮率为1.59×10-7~1.2×10-4μg NH4+N cell~(-1)h~(-1);单位体重排磷率为13~363μg P(mg DW)~(-1)h~(-1),最大排磷率为0~1.3×10-5μg P cell~(-1)h~(-1)。影响纤毛虫排泄率和再生速率的主要因素为纤毛虫生长阶段和温度。自然海区测定微型浮游生物对营养盐的再生的方法主要为同位素稀释法,此外还可以根据其他资料推算微型浮游生物的营养盐再生速率及产生率以反映再生能力。多数野外实验结果证明微型浮游动物是营养盐主要的再生者。
[Abstract]:The marine microphytoplankton food web consists of viruses, bacteria, chlorella cyanobacteria, prochlorophyte, pico-autotrophic eukaryotes, micro-zooplankton (mixed nutrition and heterotrophic flagellates, ciliates) and other biological groups, including viruses, Heterotrophic organisms such as bacteria and microzooplankton are important contributors to the regeneration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ocean. The absorption or release of nutrients by bacteria in the ocean depends on the proportion of bacteria to elements in the substrate. In most sea areas, heterotrophic bacteria absorb nutrients. Viruses release substances from host cells mainly by dissolving the host cells, and most of the nutrient elements released are organic compounds. The regeneration of nutrients in microzooplankton is mainly accomplished by excretion. At present, there are few studies on the determination of excretion rate of micro-zooplankton in laboratory. There are two main difficulties in the study: first, The indoor culture of microzooplankton is difficult. Secondly, it is difficult to determine the metabolic rate of microzooplankton. According to the results of previous studies, the nitrogen excretion rate per unit body weight of flagellate is 2.840 渭 g / N(mg DWWN, the maximum nitrogen excretion rate is 7.0 脳 10 ~ (-9) ~ 13.8 脳 10 ~ (-6) 渭 g / g NH4 ~ (-1) NH4 ~ (-1), the regeneration efficiency is 0 ~ 100 ~ (-1), the maximum phosphorus excretion rate is 3.8 脳 10 ~ (-96.6) 脳 10 ~ (-7) 渭 g / g P cell _ (1) / h ~ (-1), and the regeneration efficiency is 0.100 ~ (-1). The nutrient excretion rate and regeneration efficiency of flagellate were affected by the growth stage and living strategy of flagellate, the proportion of elements in diet and temperature. The nitrogen excretion rate per unit body weight of ciliates was 0.25 ~ 178 渭 g / N(mg DWH ~ (-1), and the maximum nitrogen excretion rate was 1.59 脳 10 ~ (-7) 渭 g / g NH4 N cell P ~ (-1) ~ (-1), the phosphorus excretion rate per unit body weight was 13 ~ (363) 渭 g / g P(mg DWW ~ (-1) / h ~ (-1), and the maximum phosphorus excretion rate was 0.1.3 脳 10 ~ (-5) 渭 g / h ~ (-1) P ~ (-1) / h ~ (-1). The main factors affecting the excretion rate and regeneration rate of ciliates were the growth stage and temperature of ciliates. Isotopic dilution method is the main method for determining the regeneration of nutrient salts by microplankton in the natural sea area. In addition, the regeneration rate and production rate of nutrient salts of micro-plankton can be calculated according to other data to reflect the regeneration ability. The results of most field experiments show that microzooplankton is the main regenerator of nutrients.
【作者单位】： 中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态和环境科学重点实验室;青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA11030202.2) 973项目(2014CB441504)
【分类号】：Q178.53;P734.44
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