阻振质量对海洋工程管路减振降噪的实验研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 17:46

本文选题：海洋工程 + 船舶　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着海洋资源开发力度的不断加大，海洋工程结构物的需求正快速的增长。人们对于工作环境的要求也在不断提高，海洋工程的振动和噪声问题越来越受到人们的关注。国际海事组织以及很多国家的组织机构都制定了严格的标准来限制振动和噪声。新的IMO《船上噪声等级规则修订草案》（DE56）的即将强制执行给船舶和海洋工程的减振降噪提出了新的更高的要求。管路系统是海洋工程结构物的一个重要组成部分，同时也是振动传递和噪声辐射的一个重要途径。管道系统的减振降噪是海洋工程振动和噪声问题研究的重要部分。阻振质量减振是一种重要且实用的刚性减振方法，其在板类构件中的研究较多且比较成熟，在管路中的应用也正受到人们的重视。已经有学者应用理论分析和数值仿真的方法对阻振质量在管道减振降噪中的应用做了研究探讨。本文通过建立管道安装阻振质量的实验模型，测试和分析阻振质量减振在海洋工程管路减振降噪中的一般规律和应用前景。首先以平板安装方钢的典型阻振质量减振结构为例，理论分析了阻振质量减振的一般原理；以弯曲波为振动波传递的主要波形，根据波动方程推导了振动波在管道内传递的传递损失公式；建立管道安装阻振质量的物理实验模型，用力锤敲击管壁产生振动，分别测试分析阻振质量对普通管道（充气）和充液管道的减振效果。通过实验测试和数据计算分析，得到了振动波沿管道传递时阻振质量前后各测点的振级落差；计算分析了管道有阻振质量与无阻振质量时相比各测点的减振效果。研究结果表明,阻振质量对于振动波在管道中的传递在中高频段有着很好的阻抑作用，而在低频区域的减振效果并不明显；多个阻振质量的组合相比于同截面的单个阻振质量所影响的频段下限要低；两个相同阻振质量的减振效果与它们的间距有一定的关系；平行等间距的布置三个相同的阻振质量相比于单个阻振质量并不会取得很大的减振效果；不等间距的三个阻振质量相比于等间距布置能够取得更好的减振效果。阻振质量对于充液管道的减振降噪效果与普通管道相比，振动波沿管道的传递损失规律基本相似；充液管道布置阻振质量与无阻振质量时相比，，各测点的振级落差比普通管道有所减小，这主要由于水的注入增大了管道的质量，阻振质量与单位长度管道的质量比减小，对管道整体的影响也相应的减弱。本文的研究结果对船舶与海洋工程管路系统的减振降噪有一定的参考意义。在敷设管道时，当需要时可以适当的用法兰（阻振质量）连接来替代焊接，还可以通过改变阻振质量的截面尺寸、数量、间距等达到减振降噪的目的。本文最后展望了阻振质量在管道减振降噪中的研究和应用前景，指出了要重点关注和解决的一些问题。
[Abstract]:As the development of marine resources is increasing, the demand for marine engineering structures is increasing rapidly. The requirements for work environment are increasing, and the vibration and noise problems of marine engineering are getting more and more attention. The International Maritime Organization and the organizations of many countries have set strict standards. Vibration and noise. The forthcoming enforcement of the revised draft of the new IMO< ship noise level rules (DE56) will bring new and higher requirements to the vibration and noise reduction of ships and marine engineering.
The pipeline system is an important part of the marine engineering structure. It is also an important way of vibration transmission and noise radiation. The vibration and noise reduction of the pipeline system is an important part of the study of the vibration and noise of the marine engineering. The vibration resistance of the vibration is an important and practical rigid vibration damping method. More research and more mature, the application in the pipeline is also being paid attention to. Some scholars have applied theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method to study the application of vibration resistance quality in pipeline vibration reduction and noise reduction. This paper establishes an experimental model of pipeline installation resistance and vibration quality, testing and analyzing the vibration damping quality in the sea. General rule and application prospect of vibration attenuation and noise reduction in offshore engineering pipelines.
First, taking the typical vibration damping structure of square steel plate as an example, the general principle of vibration damping is analyzed theoretically, and the main wave waves transmitted by the bending wave are used to deduce the transmission loss formula of the vibration wave transmission in the pipe according to the wave equation, and the physical experimental model for setting up the vibration resistance quality of the tube is established. The force hammer strikes the tube wall to generate vibration, and tests and analyzes the vibration reduction effect of the vibration isolation mass on the ordinary pipeline (inflatable) and the liquid filled pipeline respectively.
Through the experimental test and the data calculation and analysis, the vibration level difference between the measured points before and after the vibration wave passing along the pipe is obtained. The vibration damping effect of the measured points is calculated and analyzed. The results show that the vibration wave mass transfer in the middle and high frequency section of the vibration wave in the pipeline is in the middle and high frequency section. The damping effect in the low frequency region is not obvious, and the combination of multiple vibration resistance quality is lower than that of the single vibration resistance of the same section. The damping effect of the two same vibration resistance is related to their distance, and the parallel equidistance arrangement is the three same vibration resistance quality. Compared with the single vibration resistance, the vibration reduction effect can not be obtained; the three vibration resistance mass with unequal spacing can achieve better damping effect compared with the equal spacing arrangement.
Compared with ordinary pipe, the effect of vibration damping and vibration reduction on the vibration and noise reduction of the fluid filled pipe is similar to that of the ordinary pipe, and the quality of the vibration level of each test point is smaller than that of the ordinary pipe, which is mainly caused by the injection of water, which increases the quality of the pipe and the vibration resistance. The mass ratio of the pipeline to the unit length decreases, and the influence on the overall pipeline decreases accordingly.
The results of this paper have a certain reference significance to the vibration and noise reduction of the ship and marine engineering pipeline system. When the pipe is laid, the connection of the flange (vibration resistance quality) can be used to replace the welding, and the purpose of reducing the vibration and noise can be achieved by changing the section size, quantity and distance of the vibration resistance. The research and application prospect of vibration isolation quality in pipeline vibration and noise reduction are pointed out, and some problems that should be focused on and solved are pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P75;TB53

【参考文献】