声速剖面仪校准关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 21:26

本文选题：声速剖面仪 + 校准　；参考：《天津大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：由于光波、电磁波等在水中无法进行远距离传播,因此在深海中开展探测、定位、导航、通讯以及内陆河道测量等活动中均使用声呐仪器完成。水中声速随环境温度、盐度以及压力的变化而变化,因此测深仪、侧扫声呐等仪器测量数据需要根据实时声速值进行改正。目前,对水声速值的测量主要通过声速仪直接测量或者根据温度、盐度、压力数据间接计算。声速仪需依据已有观察数据或经验公式计算数据完成仪器标定,间接计算声速值则是将温盐深实时观察数值代入经验公式求得。目前各国及各声速仪厂家所使用的经验公式众多且相互之间存在一定的偏差,不能满足对水声速值精确度的要求。因此,研究新的声速值测量方法以及声速仪的校准技术对声呐仪器测量数据的准确改正具有至关重要的作用。本文开展的研究主要有:1研究超声波在流体介质中的传播规律,建立换能器在不同激励源信号下的振动及衰减模型;分析牛顿流体中的粘性耗散及热传导及对声波的影响;研究声波衍射效应对传播时间的影响,并建立衍射效应修正值计算式。2分析时间间隔测量方法,研制基于延迟线内插法的时间间隔测量电路,与双光束平面镜干涉仪、精密电控位移平台等构建了常压下水声速绝对测量系统;通过对双光束平面镜干涉仪测量原理的分析,建立超声波飞行距离差的绝对测量模型;根据所测量的飞行时间差及衍射修正模型、飞行距离差及其修正模型计算水声速值,实现在常压下流体声速的绝对测量,并进行相应的不确定度分析。3分析压电材料特性,设计X-cut石英晶体压电换能器,在正弦信号激励下其振动服从高斯分布;研究设计基于脉冲回波原理的双声程声速传感器结构,与石英晶体压电换能器组成声速传感器;分析超声波声程差随温度、压力变化情况,建立声程差计算模型;研究基于互相关函数的脉冲回波信号时差测量方法,并计算衍射效应对时间测量影响的修正值;研究在常压纯水环境中双声程声速传感器声程差及延时等参数标定方法,并进行相应不确定度分析。4建立声速仪的高精度校准环境,研究在常压下声速仪的校准方法。
[Abstract]:Because of light wave, electromagnetic wave and so on, it is impossible to carry out long distance propagation in water. Therefore, sonar instruments are used in the exploration, positioning, navigation, communication and inland waterway measurement in the deep sea. The velocity of sound in water varies with the change of ambient temperature, salinity and pressure, so the measuring data of the instrument, side scan sonar and other instruments, need to be measured. At present, the measurement of the velocity of the acoustic velocity is mainly measured directly by the sound velocity meter or indirectly by the temperature, salinity, and pressure data. The sound speed meter needs to calculate the instrument calibration according to the existing observation data or empirical formula, and the indirect calculation of the sound velocity value is to replace the temperature and salt depth in real time. The empirical formulas are obtained. At present, there are many empirical formulas used by various countries and various sonic manufacturers, and there are some deviations between each other, which can not meet the requirements for the accuracy of the velocity of water. Therefore, it is very important to study the new method of sound velocity measurement and the calibration technique of the sound speed instrument for accurate correction of the measurement data of sonar instrument. The main research of this paper is as follows: 1 study the propagation law of ultrasonic wave in fluid medium, establish the vibration and attenuation model of transducer under different excitation sources, analyze the viscous dissipation and heat conduction in the Newton fluid and the influence on the sound wave, study the influence of the diffraction effect on the propagation time, and establish the diffraction effect correction. The time interval measurement method based on the value calculation.2 is used to develop the time interval measurement circuit based on the delay line interpolation. The absolute measurement system of the underwater acoustic velocity is constructed with the double beam plane mirror interferometer and the precision electronic control displacement platform. The ultrasonic flight distance difference is established by the analysis of the measurement principle of the double beam planar mirror interferometer. The absolute measurement model, based on the measured flight time difference and the diffraction correction model, the flight distance difference and its correction model, the absolute measurement of the velocity of the fluid is realized under the atmospheric pressure, and the corresponding uncertainty analysis is carried out to analyze the characteristics of the piezoelectric material by.3, and the X-cut quartz crystal piezoelectric transducer is designed under the sinusoidal signal excitation. The vibration is subject to Gauss distribution, and the structure of the dual range sound speed sensor based on the principle of pulse echo is designed and the sound velocity sensor is formed with the quartz crystal piezoelectric transducer, and the calculation model of the sound range difference is set up with the change of temperature and pressure, and the time difference measurement method based on the cross correlation function is studied. The correction value of the influence of the diffraction effect on the time measurement is calculated and the calibration method of the sound range and delay of the double sound speed sensor in the ambient pressure pure water environment is studied, and the corresponding uncertainty analysis.4 is carried out to establish the high precision calibration environment for the sound speed meter, and the calibration method of the sound velocity instrument under the atmospheric pressure is studied.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P733.2;TB565

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