海面溢油微波散射模型研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 15:20

本文选题：海面溢油 + 微波后向散射　；参考：《电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的不断发展,人们对能源的需求不断增大,石油作为主要能源之一,同样的,其需求也不断增加,当陆地石油资源已经不足以满足这一需求时,人们将目标转向浩瀚的海洋。在此背景下,海上石油开采大幅增加,同时海上运输也不断增多,这样就造成了海面溢油事故的发生频率越来越高,溢油量也呈现不断增大的趋势。海面溢油对于海洋生态环境、海洋经济活动等都会产生负面影响,而在经济发展的大背景下,海面溢油是无法避免的,因此,及时发现海面溢油进而能够及时采取应对溢油的措施成为人们关注的焦点,在此背景下,人们开始探索如何更好的监测海洋溢油。目前监测海面溢油多采用遥感手段,包括可见光遥感、红外遥感、紫外遥感、激光荧光遥感、微波辐射计、雷达等。其中,微波遥感以其能穿透云雾、受天气影响小、可全天候工作等优势在海面溢油监测中得到越来越广泛的应用。目前人们对微波遥感监测海面溢油的机理性研究相较于微波遥感图像研究偏少,但通过研究其机理,可以更好的应用于微波遥感图像的分析,因此,对其机理的研究近些年来也受到学者越来越多的重视。微波遥感监测海面是通过海面毛细重力波所造成的微波后向散射系数的不同而实现的,对于有油膜覆盖的海洋表面,其毛细重力波会受到一定的阻尼从而产生衰减,这种衰减会造成微波后向散射系数的减小,微波遥感技术通过检测这一变化,从而检测海面是否有溢油。对于微波遥感监测海面溢油的建模是一个系统的研究过程,首先要研究海洋知识,主要为对海浪谱的研究,通过这些海洋知识来研究在无油膜覆盖状态下海面的微波后向散射,建立散射模型,再通过研究油膜对于海面微波后向散射的影响,进而修改无油海面微波散射模型,实现溢油海面的微波后向散射建模。本文将镜面、小扰动、二尺度微波散射模型应用到海面溢油微波后向散射模型的研究中,同时引入了实验中所获取的实测数据,进行了对比与验证。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the demand for energy is increasing. As one of the main energy sources, the demand for oil is also increasing. When the land oil resources are not enough to meet this demand, People turned to the vast ocean. Under this background, the offshore oil production is increasing greatly, and the sea transportation is also increasing, so the frequency of the oil spill accidents on the sea surface is higher and higher, and the oil spill quantity is also showing a trend of increasing. Oil spills on the sea will have a negative impact on the marine ecological environment and marine economic activities. However, under the background of economic development, oil spills on the sea surface are unavoidable. It has become the focus of people to find oil spill on the sea in time and then take the measures to deal with oil spill in time. Under this background, people begin to explore how to monitor the oil spill better. At present, remote sensing is mostly used to monitor oil spill on the sea surface, including visible light remote sensing, infrared remote sensing, ultraviolet remote sensing, laser fluorescence remote sensing, microwave radiometer, radar and so on. Microwave remote sensing is more and more widely used in oil spill monitoring because of its advantages of penetrating clouds and fog, being less affected by weather, and being able to work all weather. At present, there is less research on mechanism of microwave remote sensing monitoring oil spill on the sea than on microwave remote sensing image, but by studying its mechanism, it can be applied to the analysis of microwave remote sensing image better. The study of its mechanism has been paid more and more attention by scholars in recent years. The microwave remote sensing monitoring of sea surface is realized by the difference of microwave backscattering coefficient caused by the capillary gravity wave of the sea surface. For the ocean surface covered by oil film, the capillary gravity wave will be damped to a certain extent. This attenuation results in a decrease in the backscattering coefficient of the microwave, which is detected by microwave remote sensing to detect whether there are oil spills on the sea surface. The modeling of ocean surface oil spill monitoring by microwave remote sensing is a systematic research process. Firstly, the ocean knowledge, mainly the wave spectrum, is studied to study the microwave backscattering of the sea surface under the condition of no oil film covering. The scattering model was established and the effect of oil film on the microwave backscattering of the sea surface was studied. Then the microwave backscattering model of the oil-free sea surface was modified to realize the microwave backscattering model of the oil spill surface. In this paper, the mirror, small disturbance and two scale microwave scattering models are applied to the study of the backscattering model of oil spills from the sea surface. At the same time, the measured data obtained from the experiments are introduced and compared and verified.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55;X87

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