海洋物理化学多参数综合监测系统研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 17:54

本文选题：自动监测技术 + 远程无线通信　；参考：《杭州电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：海洋自古就蕴含着丰富的渔业、矿产、能源等各类资源，开发海洋不仅是缓解陆地矛盾、补充陆地需求的必要手段，也是科学研究的必然结果。认识和开发海洋的过程其实就是海洋监测技术、海洋开发技术及海洋通用技术等一系列海洋高新技术不断更新发展的过程。其中海洋监测技术是海洋通用技术应用于实践的必然，也是海洋开发技术的基础和保障。传统的海洋监测技术依靠人工实地测量来获取第一手的海洋数据，亦或将样品带回实验室再进行分析，该方法已经越来越难以满足日益发展的海洋监测技术的要求，由此而诞生的海洋自动监测技术是一项集机械、电子、通信、物理、化学、地质等多领域研究为一体的综合技术，，依靠该技术可远程获取海洋数据，大大减少人力、物力、财力。本研究从海洋自动监测技术的发展现状出发，以实际科研项目的需求为基础。首先确定了本海洋监测系统的监测参数和相应技术指标，其次以此为基础设计了本海洋监测系统的总体规划方案，最后将总体方案根据功能详细分解为多个独立的子功能模块。根据立体化海洋监测的总体设想，将自动监测平台设计为漂浮式海面监测和座底式海底监测两大部分。座底式海洋监测平台集成了多套商用数据采集设备，漂浮式海面监测平台上搭载了太阳能供电、远程通信系统、漂浮模块、GPS定位、自制的物理化学数据采集器等功能模块。其中座底式海洋监测平台上的各设备均采用自容方式工作，而漂浮式海面监测平台上设备通过移动GPRS网络以远程无线通信方式进行实时监控。本研究对自制的物理化学数据采集系统进行了重点设计，包括该系统的硬件电路设计、软件程序设计及该数据采集系统的机械封装结构设计。硬件电路设计内容包括系统的低功耗设计、电源转换、模拟信号获取及处理、模数转换、数据存储、实时时钟及通信电路等。软件程序设计包括数据采集系统的上、下位机程序设计和上下位机间通信协议设计，其中上位机软件包括了实时显示控制程序和远程控制中心程序。机械封装结构设计包括壳体设计和封头设计两部分。该系统在完成装配后还进行了多项实验室试验，并根据试验反馈进行改进，最后将调试完毕的整套系统布放于实际海域进行为期一个月的海试试验。试验数据真实，具备一定参考价值，一系列试验表明系统运行情况良好，基本完成预期目标。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, the ocean contains abundant fishery, mineral resources, energy and other resources. Developing the ocean is not only the necessary means to alleviate the land contradiction and supplement the land demand, but also the inevitable result of scientific research. The process of understanding and developing the ocean is actually the process of continuous renewal and development of marine high and new technologies, such as ocean monitoring technology, ocean development technology and ocean general technology. The marine monitoring technology is the necessity of the application of general marine technology in practice, and also the foundation and guarantee of marine development technology. Traditional marine monitoring techniques rely on artificial field measurements to obtain first-hand marine data or bring samples back to the laboratory for analysis. This method has become increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of the increasingly developed marine monitoring technology. The marine automatic monitoring technology is a comprehensive technology that integrates mechanical, electronic, communication, physical, chemical, geological and other fields of research. Depending on this technology, ocean data can be obtained remotely, and manpower and material resources can be greatly reduced. Financial resources Based on the development of marine automatic monitoring technology, the research is based on the demand of actual scientific research projects. First, the monitoring parameters and corresponding technical indexes of the marine monitoring system are determined, then the overall planning scheme of the marine monitoring system is designed based on the above. Finally, the overall scheme is decomposed into several independent sub-function modules according to the function. According to the overall idea of three-dimensional ocean monitoring, the automatic monitoring platform is designed as floating sea level monitoring and bottom monitoring. The platform integrates many sets of commercial data acquisition equipment, and the floating sea level monitoring platform is equipped with solar power supply, remote communication system, floating module GPS positioning, self-made physical and chemical data collector and other functional modules. The equipment on the bottom platform works in self-contained mode, while the equipment on the floating sea surface monitoring platform is monitored by remote wireless communication through the mobile GPRS network. This study focuses on the design of the physical and chemical data acquisition system, including the hardware circuit design, software program design and mechanical packaging structure design of the data acquisition system. The hardware circuit design includes low power design, power conversion, analog signal acquisition and processing, analog-to-digital conversion, data storage, real-time clock and communication circuit. The software program design includes the upper and lower computer program design and the communication protocol design between the upper and lower computers. The upper computer software includes the real-time display control program and the remote control center program. Mechanical package structure design includes two parts: shell design and head design. After completing the assembly, several laboratory tests were carried out and improved according to the feedback of the test. Finally, the whole system was placed in the actual sea area for a one-month sea trial. The test data are true and have certain reference value. A series of tests show that the system is running well and the expected goal is basically achieved.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P714.3

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