黄河入海径流和近海水域的相互作用及其应用探讨

发布时间：2018-06-24 22:37

本文选题：黄河 + 径流　；参考：《鲁东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：河口海岸地区是陆、海以及河流相互作用的地区,该地区不仅发生着频繁的自然变化,还在社会经济建设中的起着重要作用。黄河口地区的地理位置重要、自然环境独特,并且资源丰富。随着黄河三角洲的建设和发展被确立为国家战略,除化工能源等临港经济的建设,生态渔业和生态环境建设也是发展的重要部分。黄河注入渤海的大量淡水在河口区形成生物生长发育的良好环境。但最近几十年来,在自然因素以及水库建设、用水量增多等人为因素的影响下,黄河入海径流量显著减少,必将对黄河口附近海域乃至渤海的温盐场产生影响。因此,加强黄河入海径流量对温盐场影响的研究,对合理利用黄河水、保护黄河三角洲的生态环境以及工程建设的科学规划具有重要意义。本文综述了黄河入海径流量的研究进展,系统分析了黄河1950—2015年长期实测入海径流量的年变化和月变化规律,阐述了径流量变化对养殖环境和建筑环境的影响。分析表明,黄河入海水量呈现逐渐下降的趋势,虽然近十几年在国家对黄河水量统一调度下实现了十年不断流且入海水量相比二十世纪九十年代有一定增幅,但入海径流量总体下降的趋势没有变,黄河入海径流处于并将长期处于枯水期大背景的现状没有发生改变;入海径流量的变化,导致温盐场分布发生变化,影响了适宜低盐环境生存的生物的生存环境,加速了“盐害”在沿海工程中的影响。数值实验部分,基于区域海洋模式系统ROMS,以径流、风场、地形等为影响因素,对渤海的温盐场进行了模拟研究,重点对渤海典型断面(37.5°N断面和黄河口—辽东湾顶断面)和黄河冲淡水(莱州湾低盐区)进行了讨论。研究结果表明,冬季温盐的垂向分布受风场作用较为明显,对径流和地形变化并不敏感;夏季风场减弱使得渤海中部浅滩上的暖水中几乎消失,径流减小使得断面高低盐区相间分布的特征消失且盐度值升高,而地形发生变化则改变了夏季渤海断面的温盐分布特征。莱州湾作为黄河入海径流影响最为显著的海域,由此形成的低盐区不仅对渔业区的生态环境有重要影响,还会影响海域结冰对沿海相关工程带来影响。本文以27psu等盐度线作为黄河冲淡水的主体范围盐度值,即低盐区的范围,对莱州湾低盐区的年变化进行了分析。研究结果表明,莱州湾内盐度基本呈现东高西低的分布态势,随着入海水量的增多,冲淡水东北向和东南向的两个扩展方向得到了很好的体现;莱州湾盐度对黄河入海水量变化响应较快,盐度值随入海径流量变化而变化;当莱州湾地形发生变化时,低盐区的范围变小且盐度有所升高。影响渤海温盐场分布特征的因素有很多,引起这种分布特征的机制需要进一步研究,本文仅针对温盐场变化进行分析,在以后研究中还需要结合渤海的流场特性进行分析。此外,本文通过地形变化初步探讨了对渤海温盐场和莱州湾低盐区的影响,对于影响的机制还需进一步探讨。
[Abstract]:Estuarine and coastal areas are areas of land, sea and river interaction. The region not only has frequent natural changes, but also plays an important role in the social and economic construction. The geographical location of the Yellow River estuary is important, its natural environment is unique, and its resources are rich. With the construction and development of the the Yellow River Delta, it is established as a national strategy, Ecological fisheries and ecological environment construction are also an important part of the development of the ecological fishery and ecological environment construction. The large amount of fresh water injected into Bohai in the Yellow River has formed a good environment for biological growth and development in the estuary area. But in the last few decades, under the influence of factors such as natural factors, reservoir construction and increasing water consumption, the entry of the Yellow River into the sea Therefore, it is of great significance for the rational utilization of the Yellow River water, the protection of the ecological environment of the the Yellow River Delta and the scientific planning of the construction of the Bohai Delta, which is important to the study of the influence of the flow of the Yellow River into the sea. This paper summarizes the flow of the Yellow River into the sea. The research progress is made in this paper. The annual variation and monthly variation of the measured sea flow rate in the Yellow River from 1950 to 2015 are systematically analyzed. The influence of the change of runoff on the culture environment and the building environment is expounded. The analysis shows that the water flow in the Yellow River is gradually decreasing, although the state has realized the unified dispatching of the water in the Yellow River in the last decade. Compared with 1990s, there is a certain increase in the flow of water into the sea in the past ten years, but the trend of the overall decline in the flow of sea entry has not changed. The current situation of the runoff in the Yellow River is not changed, and the change of the flow of the sea to the sea leads to the change of the distribution of the temperature and salt field, which affects the suitable low salt environment. The living environment has accelerated the influence of the "salt damage" on the coastal engineering. In the numerical experiment part, based on the regional ocean model system ROMS, the temperature and salt fields in Bohai are simulated with runoff, wind field and terrain, and the typical section of Bohai (37.5 degree N section and the top section of the Huanghe Estuary of the Liaodong Bay) and the top section of the Huanghe Estuary are emphasized. The Yellow River fresh water (Laizhou Bay low salt area) has been discussed. The results show that the vertical distribution of the temperature and salt in winter is more obvious in the wind field and is not sensitive to the change of runoff and terrain, and the weakening of the wind field in summer makes the warm water of the Shoals in the middle of Bohai almost disappear, and the decrease of runoff makes the characteristics of the interphase distribution of the high and low salinity zone disappear and the characteristics of the cross section of the cross section disappear and the characteristics of the interphase distribution in the cross section disappear and the characteristics of the interphase distribution in the cross section disappear and are disappearing. The salinity is higher and the change of terrain changes the distribution of temperature and salt in the Bohai section in summer. Laizhou Bay is the most significant sea area which has the most significant influence on the runoff of the Yellow River into the sea. The resulting low salt region not only has an important influence on the ecological environment of the fishing area, but also affects the impact of the sea ice on the coastal related projects. This paper is based on 27psu and so on. As the main scope of salinity of the Yellow River fresh water, that is the range of the low salt area, the salinity line is analyzed for the annual change of the low salt area in the Laizhou Bay. The results show that the salinity in the Laizhou Bay is basically in the East High West low distribution situation. With the increase of the amount of water entering the sea, the two expansion directions that dilute the east to the East and the southeast are very good. The salinity of Laizhou Bay has a fast response to the changes in the water flow in the Yellow River, and the salinity varies with the flow of the sea to the sea. When the topography of the Laizhou Bay changes, the range of the low salt area is smaller and the salinity is increased. There are many factors affecting the distribution characteristics of the Bohai temperature and salt fields. This paper only analyzes the change of temperature and salt field, and needs to analyze the flow field characteristics of Bohai in the future research. In addition, the influence on the salt and salt fields of Bohai and Laizhou Bay is preliminarily discussed through the topography change, and the mechanism of the influence needs to be further discussed.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P333.1;P731

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