主动共振波能发电控制系统关键技术的研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 23:57

本文选题：波浪能发电 + 海浪参数识别　；参考：《武汉科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在当前世界能源危机的背景下,对海洋能有效地开发和利用成为焦点。虽然各类波浪能利用装置层出不穷,但是大多数都存在转换效率低下的问题。本文基于可控共振式波浪能发电技术的项目平台,分别从波浪的频率和波高两个角度,应用了主动共振和最大功率点跟踪的控制策略,在一定程度上提高了波浪能发电装置的转换效率。主要工作如下:首先,介绍了课题的研究背景和意义,阐述了国内外波浪能利用研究技术的现状,并提出了本文的研究内容。其次,介绍了波浪能的一些基本理论,以及主动共振波浪能发电系统的物理结构和工作原理,并分析出实时获取海浪的特征参数是提高发电效率的关键。再次,根据发电系统的对于实时监测海浪特征参数的需求,基于STM32微控制器和MEMS传感器,设计一套低成本的海浪浮标系统。根据海浪的特征,应用互补滤波、四元数、短时傅里叶算法计算出海浪的频率、波高和方向等特征参数,并通过实验验证了浮标方案的可行性。最后,根据发电装置的特点,应用了主动共振和最大功率点的控制策略,并设计一套基于STM32F4微控制器的硬件电路方案。基于共振能够实现最大能量俘获的思想,利用变刚器可以调整摆锤固有频率的特性,设计了基于PID控制器的闭环控制系统实现了共振控制。受到光伏发电以及风力发电系统启发,采用了基于梯度下降算法的最大功率点跟踪的控制策略,使得发电系统在波高变化的情况下工作在最大功率点。两种控制策略的应用在一定程度上提高了波浪能发电装置的转换效率。
[Abstract]:In the context of the current world energy crisis, the effective development and utilization of the ocean has become the focus. Although all kinds of wave energy use devices emerge in endlessly, most of them have the problem of low conversion efficiency. This paper is based on the two angles of the wave frequency and wave height, based on the project platform of the controllable resonant wave energy generation technology. The control strategy of active resonance and maximum power point tracking is applied to improve the conversion efficiency of the wave energy generating unit to a certain extent. The main work is as follows: first, the background and significance of the research are introduced, the current situation of the research technology of wave energy utilization at home and abroad is expounded, and the content of this paper is put forward. Secondly, the wave of wave energy is introduced. Some basic theories of wave energy, as well as the physical structure and working principle of active resonance wave energy generation system, and the analysis of the real time acquisition of the characteristic parameters of the waves are the key to improve the efficiency of the power generation. Thirdly, based on the demand of the power system for real-time monitoring of the characteristic parameters of the wave, a STM32 micro controller and a MEMS sensor are designed. A low cost sea wave buoy system is set up. According to the characteristics of the sea waves, the frequency, wave height and direction of the waves are calculated by the complementary filtering, four elements and short time Fu Liye algorithm, and the feasibility of the buoy scheme is verified by experiments. Finally, the control strategy of active resonance and maximum power point is applied according to the special point of the power generation device. A set of hardware circuit scheme based on STM32F4 micro controller is designed. Based on the idea that resonance can achieve maximum energy capture, a closed-loop control system based on PID controller is designed to realize the resonance control by using a variable stiffness device to adjust the natural frequency of the pendulum. The maximum power point tracking control strategy based on the gradient descent algorithm makes the power system work at the maximum power point in the case of wave height change. The application of the two control strategies improves the conversion efficiency of the wave energy generating unit to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：武汉科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P743;TP273

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