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基于沙蚕多功能群匹配的湿地微宇宙对石油烃去除效果研究

发布时间:2018-06-26 14:07

  本文选题:石油污染 + 湿地微宇宙 ; 参考:《大连海洋大学》2015年硕士论文


【摘要】:随着石油污染的日益严重,其修复问题越来越受到重视。生物修复技术因其成本低、效率高、速度快和不易二次污染等优点,已成为现场去除石油烃污染的重要选择途径。本研究针对我国近岸滩涂湿地石油污染生境修复的科学问题,通过湿地微宇宙方法模拟海洋潮间带溢油污染环境,并构建基于沙蚕的生物多功能群匹配的原位生物修复模式,利用超声-荧光分光光度法和气-质联用仪(GC-MS)分析沙蚕、翅碱蓬和降油微生物等不同修复生物联合修复组合对石油烃的降解率,揭示沙蚕的生物扰动作用对翅碱蓬和降油细菌体系去除、降解石油烃的强化效应,旨在为海洋潮间带溢油污染的生物修复提供参考和数据支持。本论文主要研究结果如下:(1)利用正交实验分析了石油污染底质超声萃取方法中的各个条件因素对石油烃萃取效率的影响,确定了最适石油污染底质的超声萃取的条件,萃取剂为二氯甲烷,萃取温度为30℃,萃取时间为15min,液/固比为6:1。比较了不同浓度石油中该方法的萃取效率,发现该超声萃取法在浓度较高的石油污染土壤的萃取中效果更好,且萃取两次为最优选择,通过两次萃取,2㳠、1㳠、0.5㳠和0.1㳠的石油污染底质的萃取率分别达到90.09㳠、88.86㳠、82.65㳠和85.71㳠,萃取效果良好。(2)在实验室条件下模拟盐沼湿地生态系统,应用湿地微宇宙和慢性毒性实验方法,构建了沙蚕-翅碱蓬-降油细菌功能群匹配的生物修复模式,进行石油污染修复实验。实验设置3个土壤石油浓度,即500mg/kg、1500mg/kg和3000mg/kg,分别记为I、Ⅱ和III;同时,设置了4种生物功能群组合配置,分别为降油细菌组(B)、沙蚕+降油细菌组(NB)、翅碱蓬+降油细菌组(SB),沙蚕+翅碱蓬+降油细菌组(NSB),并设置空白对照组,记为C。结果表明,经过70d的实验,各生物修复组合处理下的不同石油污染底质的石油降解率均显著高于C组(P0.05)。其中,NSB组70d后I、Ⅱ和III的石油降解率分别达到51.91%、47.78%和40.59%,显著高于NB组和SB组(P0.05)。另外,NB组和SB组在Ⅱ和III浓度实验中对石油降解率显著高于B组(P0.05);而在I中,这三个修复组合的石油降解率差异虽未见显著,但仍依次为NB组SB组B组。在不同浓度的石油污染实验中,各生物修复组合石油降解速率在实验前30d都是呈现递增趋势,石油降解速率最快的时间段是15d~30d,其中NSB组在不同浓度处理组的石油降解速率均高于其他修复组合,分别达到1.14%/d、1.20%/d和1.26%/d。而在30d~70d的实验中,各生物修复组合石油降解速率则明显下降。(3)利用GC-MS对正构烃的降解情况进行研究,结果表明,各处理组正构烃的降解率均随碳链长度的增大而明显减小。其中,NSB组在不同石油污染浓度底质中各阶段各组分的降解率均高于其他组合,至70d时,在不同浓度处理组中正构烃平均降解率分别达到22.89%(I)、25.12%(II)和24.02%(III)。各处理组正构烃降解率均显著高于与对照组(P0.05),其降解率随底质石油污染浓度的增加而增加。另外,SB组在浓度III中的平均降解率高于NB组,分别为18.38%和15.01%。B组的正构烃降解率则随石油污染浓度的增加而降低,分别为15.65%(I),13.81%(II)和10.04%(III)。(4)对多环芳烃的降解效果研究结果表明,各处理组合对于多环芳烃的降解效果随之其环数增多而明显降低。就降解效果而言,NSB组最佳,B组最低,如至70d时,NSB组各石油浓度下多环芳烃平均降解率分别达到54.93%,59.53%和47.68%;。NB组在浓度I中的降解率高于SB组,但在浓度Ⅱ和III中则SB组高于NB组,NB组和SB组在各个浓度组中多环芳烃的平均降解率分别为49.12%,50.08%,38.19%和45.04%,52.77%,41.45%。各生物处理组均较空白对照组差异显著(P0.05),后者仅为9.37%,13.93%和19.00%。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious oil pollution, the remediation problem has been paid more and more attention. The bioremediation technology has become an important choice for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution because of its advantages of low cost, high efficiency, fast speed and not easy two pollution. This study aims at the scientific problems of the remediation of petroleum polluted habitats in coastal wetland of China. The wetland micro cosmos method simulated the oil spill environment in the intertidal zone, and constructed the in situ bioremediation model based on the biological multi-functional group matching of the sand worm. The ultrasonic fluorescence spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon by the combination of sand worm, Aaqa winged and oil reducing microorganisms. In order to provide reference and data support for the bioremediation of oil pollution in the intertidal zone, the main results of this paper are as follows: (1) using orthogonal experiments to analyze the various methods of ultrasonic extraction of oil contaminated bottom. The conditions for the extraction efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbon are determined by the conditional factors. The condition of ultrasonic extraction of the best oil pollution base is determined. The extraction agent is dichloromethane, the extraction temperature is 30, the extraction time is 15min, the liquid / solid ratio is 6:1., and the extraction efficiency of this method is compared with the different concentration of oil. It is found that the ultrasonic extraction method is in the high concentration of oil pollution. The extraction efficiency of the soil is better, and the extraction two times is the best choice. Through two extraction, 2?, 1?, 0.5? And 0.1? Oil pollution base extraction rate is 90.09? 88.86? 82.65? And 85.71? Well. (2) in the laboratory conditions, model salt marsh wetland ecosystem, the application of wetland microcosm and chronic toxicity experimental methods, construction A bioremediation model of the functional group matching the functional group of salnworm - aaaaaaaeda - oil - reducing bacteria was built, and the experiment was carried out to repair the oil pollution. The experiment set 3 soil oil concentrations, 500mg/kg, 1500mg/kg and 3000mg/kg, respectively, I, II and III, respectively, and set up 4 kinds of biological functional group combination, respectively, the oil reducing bacteria group (B), the sand worm + oil reducing bacteria group (NB), SB, sand worm + pppppppppnus + oil reducing bacteria group (NSB), and set up a blank control group, the result of C. showed that after 70D experiment, the petroleum degradation rate of different oil pollution base was significantly higher than that of C group (P0.05). The petroleum degradation rate of I, II and III of NSB group was 51.9 after 70D, respectively. 1%, 47.78% and 40.59% were significantly higher than group NB and group SB (P0.05). In addition, the oil degradation rate in group NB and SB group was significantly higher than that in B group (P0.05) in the concentration experiment of II and III, while in I, the difference in oil degradation rate of these three repair combinations was not significant, but it was still in SB group B group in the NB group. The rate of combined petroleum degradation is increasing in 30d before the experiment, and the fastest time of petroleum degradation is 15d~30d. The petroleum degradation rate of NSB group in different concentration treatment groups is higher than that of other remediation combinations, and it reaches 1.14%/d, 1.20%/d and 1.26%/d. respectively. In the experiment of 30d~70d, the petroleum degradation rate of various bioremediation combinations (3) the degradation of normal hydrocarbon was studied by GC-MS. The results showed that the degradation rate of normal hydrocarbon in each treatment group decreased obviously with the increase of the length of carbon chain. Among them, the degradation rate of each component in each stage of the NSB group was higher than that of the other combinations, and at the time of 70D, it was in the different concentration treatment groups. The average degradation rate of normal hydrocarbon is 22.89% (I), 25.12% (II) and 24.02% (III). The degradation rate of normal hydrocarbon in each treatment group is significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). The degradation rate increases with the increase of the base oil pollution concentration. In addition, the average degradation rate of SB group in the concentration III is higher than that of the NB group, and the normal hydrocarbon degradation in the group of 18.38% and 15.01%.B, respectively. The rate decreased with the increase of oil pollution concentration, 15.65% (I), 13.81% (II) and 10.04% (III). (4) the degradation effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) showed that the degradation effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was greatly reduced by the increase of its ring number. As for the degradation effect, the NSB group was the best and the B group was the lowest, such as the NSB group stone. The average degradation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in oil concentration reached 54.93%, 59.53% and 47.68%, respectively, and the degradation rate in.NB group was higher than that in SB group, but in concentration II and III, SB group was higher than NB group. The average degradation rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in NB group and SB group were 49.12%, 50.08%, 38.19% and 45.04%, 52.77% and 41.45%. respectively. Compared with the blank control group, the difference was significant (P0.05), while the latter was only 9.37%, 13.93% and 19.00%.
【学位授予单位】:大连海洋大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:X55;X17

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