河北省海洋环境污染机理及防治对策研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 19:29

本文选题：河北省 + 海洋环境污染　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于人类经济社会的高速发展，人口规模的不断扩大，加剧了陆地资源和空间的消耗，陆地作为人类生存和发展的第一空间的主体功能地位在逐渐下降。而海洋凭借其广阔的面积和丰富的资源正被人类所广泛重视，海洋经济进入蓬勃发展期，全球进入海洋时代。然而在开发利用海洋的过程中，，人类活动也对海洋生态平衡造成影响，导致海洋环境污染的日益严重。我国海洋经济发展迅速，沿海三大海区海洋经济对全国经济生产总值的贡献率接近百分之十，是我国经济增长的主要拉动力量。然而在海洋经济增长不断攀升的同时，海洋环境污染问题却愈演愈烈。其中尤以渤海海域的海洋环境污染问题最为严重。渤海海域的环境污染问题一方面是由于其半封闭内海的特点造成的，一方面是沿海污染物大量排放的后果。在环渤海地区的省市中，河北省的海洋经济总量位列该海区末位，但所属海域环境污染状况却在环渤海省市中较为严重。河北省海洋环境污染问题已经对当地的经济、社会产生严重的污染效应，党和国家也非常重视环渤海海域的海洋环境问题，因此制定河北省海洋环境污染防治措施具有非常重要的现实意义。本文将在研究总结相关文献的基础上，立足海洋环境科学理论、海洋管理学理论、可持续发展理论和循环经济理论，调查河北省海洋环境污染现状。分析造成河北省海洋环境污染的来源、污染的特点、造成该省海洋环境污染的因素。并在此基础上，结合河北省海洋环境污染状况和专家学者研究成果，选取导致河北省海洋环境污染的指标，从定量的角度建立河北省海洋环境污染的机理模型。在选取指标时由于指标数量的繁多，为了找到重要因素与海洋环境污染之间的关系，采用主成分分析法，对各项指标进行降维简化处理。利用选取的主要因素建立河北省海洋环境污染机理模型。在通过海洋环境污染机理模型了解河北省海洋环境污染形成的机制后，寻找防治海洋环境污染的关键控制领域。最终，构建出包括关键措施和配套措施相互配合协调的河北省海洋环境污染防治措施体系。本文通过对河北省海洋环境污染机理及防治对策的研究，得出造成河北省海洋环境污染的关键因素在于产业结构的不合理和海洋科技实力薄弱。这也为制定该省海洋环境污染防治措施提供了重要启示：要优化产业结构，发展生态经济；要大力发展海洋科技，提高海洋科技综合实力。与此同时还需要来政府协调一致的组织管理、社会公众的广泛参与以及完善的海洋环境法律体系的保障。只有这样，河北省海洋环境污染状况才会得到有效控制，才可以实现海洋经济、社会和海洋生态环境的协调可持续发展。
[Abstract]:Due to the rapid development of human economy and society and the continuous expansion of population scale, the consumption of land resources and space has been aggravated, and the main function status of land as the first space for human survival and development has gradually declined. The ocean, with its vast area and abundant resources, is being widely valued by human beings. The marine economy has entered a period of vigorous development, and the whole world has entered an era of ocean. However, in the process of exploitation and utilization of the ocean, human activities also have an impact on the marine ecological balance, leading to the increasing pollution of the marine environment. China's marine economy is developing rapidly, and the contribution rate of marine economy in the three coastal areas to the national economic output value is close to 10%, which is the main driving force of China's economic growth. However, with the increasing of marine economy, the pollution of marine environment is becoming more and more serious. Especially in the Bohai Sea, the marine environment pollution is the most serious. The environmental pollution problem in Bohai Sea is caused by the characteristics of semi-enclosed inner sea and the consequence of a large amount of pollutants discharged from the coastal area on the other hand. Among the provinces and cities around the Bohai Sea, the total marine economy of Hebei Province ranks at the end of the sea area, but the environmental pollution of the sea area belongs to the Bohai Sea region is more serious in the provinces and cities around the Bohai Sea. The problem of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province has produced serious pollution effects on the local economy and society. The Party and the state also attach great importance to the marine environmental problems around the Bohai Sea. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to formulate marine environmental pollution prevention and control measures in Hebei Province. Based on the research and summarization of relevant literature, this paper will investigate the present situation of marine environment pollution in Hebei Province based on marine environmental science theory, marine management theory, sustainable development theory and circular economy theory. The sources and characteristics of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province and the factors causing marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province are analyzed. On this basis, combined with the situation of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province and the research results of experts and scholars, selected the indicators leading to marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province, and established the mechanism model of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province from a quantitative point of view. In order to find out the relationship between the important factors and marine environmental pollution, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to simplify the dimensionality reduction of each index. The mechanism model of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province was established by using the selected main factors. After understanding the formation mechanism of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province through the mechanism model of marine environmental pollution, the key control fields of marine environmental pollution prevention and control are sought. Finally, the system of prevention and control measures of marine environment pollution in Hebei Province is constructed, which includes key measures and supporting measures. Based on the study of the mechanism of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province and the countermeasures to prevent and cure it, this paper concludes that the key factors of marine environmental pollution in Hebei Province are the unreasonable industrial structure and the weak strength of marine science and technology. It also provides important enlightenment for formulating the prevention and control measures of marine environmental pollution in this province: optimizing the industrial structure and developing ecological economy, and vigorously developing marine science and technology to improve the comprehensive strength of marine science and technology. At the same time, it also needs the coordinated organization and management of the government, the extensive participation of the public and the protection of the perfect legal system of marine environment. Only in this way, the pollution of marine environment in Hebei Province can be effectively controlled and the coordinated and sustainable development of marine economy, society and marine ecological environment can be realized.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X55

【参考文献】