垂直电场电泳对荷电粒子的分离性能研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 09:53

本文选题：海水淡化 + 电泳技术　；参考：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于受环境污染的影响,淡水资源的供给问题日趋严峻,供给方式的新技术探索是有效解决问题的重要途径,尤其是海水淡化的相关技术。电泳技术通过电场的作用对无机离子的分离和富集,从而实现淡化海水的目的。本论文将垂直电场电泳技术应用于模拟海水的淡化(即分离脱盐)的探索研究,可为海水淡化提供一种新方法。此外,本论文采用该技术对有机荷电粒子进行分离,即有机废水(TNT红水,Trinitrotoluene,2,4,6-三硝基甲苯)中有机污染物的分离,为其处理提供理论依据。本论文采用实验室自制的垂直电场电泳装置,研究模拟海水的脱盐效果(以氯离子为研究对象)。在初试阶段,以电导率为研究对象,证实了该技术应用于海水淡化脱盐的可行性。在后续阶段,以氯离子为研究对象,具体考察氯离子初始浓度、停留时间和电压对海水淡化脱盐效果(如脱盐率、能量效率和分布比率)的影响。电泳装置出水口分为四个区域,中间区代表模拟海水淡化的目标收集区。模拟海水的脱盐实验结果表明,随着入水口处的氯离子初始浓度的增加,电泳装置出水口的中间区的脱盐率降低,能量效率逐渐升高,中间区、负极区和两极邻近区的分布比率增大,而正极区的分布比率减小。随着停留时间的增加,中间区脱盐率明显升高,高达69.5%,能量效率逐渐降低,中间区和负极区的分布比率减小,其它两区分布比率增加。随着电压升高,中间区的脱盐率逐渐升高,仅高达13.9%,能量效率逐渐降低,正极区的分布比率逐渐增大,而另外两区的分布比率逐渐减小,中间区分布比率呈先上升后降低趋势。由于有机废水(TNT红水)中有机物的复杂性,本论文以2,4-二氨基甲苯进行模拟实验,研究其在电泳装置中的分布。进一步考察了还原TNT红水的最佳条件,并在最佳条件下还原TNT红水,经吸附-洗脱后进入电泳装置中处理,考察苯胺类化合物的浓度和COD分布。模拟实验阶段,中间区的2,4-二氨基甲苯脱除率不高,对有机荷电粒子的分离和富集效果不理想。实际废水处理阶段,研究了还原反应的最优条件,还原后的废水经吸附-洗脱,稀释3倍并调酸后得到电泳处理前的废水(pH=1.9、苯胺类浓度8.8 mg/L、COD值137.9 mg/L)。经过电泳处理后,负极区苯胺类化合物浓度和COD明显低于初始浓度(负极区苯胺类化合物浓度低于1.0 mg/L(除B4),COD值低于10.0mg/L(除D4)。出现偏离现象可归因于二氨基一磺酸基甲苯带双极性基团。同时,苯胺类化合物、COD和颜色在负极区得到有效脱除。
[Abstract]:Due to the influence of environmental pollution, the supply of fresh water resources is becoming more and more serious. The exploration of new technology of supply mode is an important way to solve the problem effectively, especially the related technology of seawater desalination. Electrophoretic technology can separate and enrich inorganic ions by the action of electric field, so as to achieve the purpose of desalination of seawater. In this paper, vertical electric field electrophoretic technique is applied to the study of desalination of simulated seawater, which can provide a new method for desalination of seawater. In addition, this technology is used to separate organic charged particles, that is, the separation of organic pollutants from organic wastewater (TNT red water trinitrotoluene 2o 4N 6- trinitrotene), which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of organic charged particles. In this paper, a vertical electric field electrophoretic apparatus made in laboratory was used to study the desalination effect of simulated seawater (chloride ion as the object of study). In the initial stage, the feasibility of applying this technology to desalination of seawater was confirmed by taking conductivity as the research object. In the following stage, the effects of initial concentration, residence time and voltage of chloride ion on desalination efficiency (such as desalination rate, energy efficiency and distribution ratio) of seawater desalination were investigated. The outlet of electrophoretic equipment is divided into four regions, the middle area represents the target collection area of simulated desalination. The experimental results of desalination in simulated seawater show that with the increase of the initial concentration of chloride ions at the inlet, the desalinization rate of the middle zone of the outlet of the electrophoresis unit decreases, the energy efficiency increases gradually, and the intermediate zone increases. The distribution ratio of the negative region and the adjacent region of the two poles increases, while the distribution ratio of the positive region decreases. With the increase of residence time, the desalinization rate of the middle zone increases obviously, reaching 69.5%. The energy efficiency decreases gradually, the distribution ratio of the middle region and the negative region decreases, and the distribution ratio of the other two regions increases. With the increase of voltage, the desalinization rate of the middle zone increases gradually, only up to 13.9.The energy efficiency decreases gradually, the distribution ratio of the positive region increases gradually, and the distribution ratio of the other two regions decreases gradually. The distribution ratio of the middle zone increases first and then decreases. Due to the complexity of organics in organic wastewater (TNT red water), the distribution of organic compounds in electrophoretic apparatus was studied by using 2C4- diaminotoluene. The optimum conditions of reducing TNT red water were further investigated, and the TNT red water was reduced under the optimum conditions. The aniline concentration and COD distribution were investigated after adsorption-elution and then entered into the electrophoretic apparatus. In the simulation experiment stage, the removal rate of 2o _ 4-diaminotoluene in the middle region is not high, and the separation and enrichment of organic charged particles is not satisfactory. In the actual wastewater treatment stage, the optimal conditions of the reduction reaction were studied. The wastewater after reduction was adsorbed and eluted, then diluted 3 times and adjusted the acid to get the wastewater before electrophoretic treatment (pH = 1.9, aniline concentration 8.8 mg / L COD = 137.9 mg / L). After electrophoretic treatment, the concentration and COD of aniline compounds in the negative electrode region were significantly lower than those in the initial concentration (the concentration of aniline compounds in the negative polar region was lower than 1.0 mg / L (except B4) and the COD value was lower than 10.0 mg / L (except D4). The deviation can be attributed to the bipolarity of toluene with diamino-sulfonic acid group. At the same time, the aniline compounds COD and color can be effectively removed in the negative electrode region.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P747.3

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