我国海洋资源可持续开发利用的科技需求和政策研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 19:32

本文选题：海洋资源 + 可持续开发利用　；参考：《渤海大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人类文明的不断进步和科技发展的日新月异,人类对资源的探索已逐渐扩大到海洋领域。海洋在地球上占据的巨大空间和面积是陆地无法比拟的,其中蕴含的渔业、矿产业、海洋空间资源、海洋新能源以及旅游业等资源也远远超出人们的想象。我国作为海域辽阔的大国,我国自然应将开发利用海洋资源作为促进经济发展的重中之重,但照比世界上的一些海洋强国,我国在海洋资源开发利用方面仍存在着一些不足,主要体现为海洋资源开发利用技术的不成熟与海洋资源保护政策的不完善。而这些在科技与政策方面的不足,也进一步衍生出诸多有碍于我国海洋资源长远发展的重要问题,如渔业资源逐年减少,矿产、新能源等资源开发利用能效低下,海洋空间、旅游资源开发混乱无序,并因管理不善对海洋环境造成巨大污染等,这些问题目前已严重影响了我国对海洋资源的开发利用,并将对我国乃至世界的海洋环境造成巨大的破坏。因此,如何合理开发利用海洋资源成为目前我国海洋资源研究面临的重要问题,亟需深入研究和尽快解决。为促进我国海洋资源的可持续开发利用,必须借鉴国外各海洋强国的成功经验,诸如美、英、日等国家对其海洋资源开发利用的先进与合理之处,而这些发达国家的成功之处主要在于其海洋技术的先进性与海洋资源相关政策的完善性与合理性。先进的海洋资源开发技术不但可以更为高效的利用海洋资源,更能大量减少对海洋的环境污染,实现对海洋资源的可持续开发利用与保护。完善健全的海洋政策不但可以保证海洋资源开发活动的有序进行,为海洋资源开发利用保驾护航,更能增强国家对海洋资源开发利用的重视程度并促进国际上在海洋资源开发利用方面的交流合作,进一步实现海洋人文与科技等诸多方面的全面发展。因此,我国要迅速发展成为海洋强国,一方面,要积极引进先进的海洋资源开发利用技术,更加合理高效地开发利用海洋资源,减少因低效能开发对海洋环境造成的污染;另一方面,合理利用海洋资源和健全可持续发展政策保障体系,切实加强对海洋资源开发利用的政策资金投入,逐渐形成完善有序的监督管理体系,确保海洋资源政策立法的权威性、法律制度的合理性、运作执行的有序性和监督管理的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of human civilization and the rapid development of science and technology, the exploration of human resources has gradually expanded to the marine field. The vast space and area occupied by the sea on the earth is unparalleled by the land. The fishery, mineral industry, marine space resources, new marine energy and tourism resources are also far beyond people's imagination. As a large country with vast sea area, China should naturally take the exploitation and utilization of marine resources as the most important part in promoting economic development. However, compared with some marine powers in the world, there are still some deficiencies in the exploitation and utilization of marine resources in China. It is mainly reflected in the immaturity of marine resources development and utilization technology and the imperfection of marine resources protection policy. And these deficiencies in science, technology and policy have further spawned many important problems that hinder the long-term development of marine resources in China, such as the decrease in fishery resources year by year, the low energy efficiency in the development and utilization of resources such as minerals and new energy resources, and marine space. The development of tourism resources is chaotic and disorderly, which has seriously affected the exploitation and utilization of marine resources in China, and will cause great damage to the marine environment of our country and even the world because of the great pollution to the marine environment caused by poor management. Therefore, how to develop and utilize marine resources rationally has become an important problem in the research of marine resources in China, which needs to be deeply studied and solved as soon as possible. In order to promote the sustainable development and utilization of marine resources in China, it is necessary to learn from the successful experiences of foreign countries, such as the United States, Britain, Japan, and other countries in the development and utilization of their marine resources. The success of these developed countries mainly lies in the advancedness of marine technology and the perfection and rationality of relevant policies on marine resources. Advanced marine resources development technology can not only make more efficient use of marine resources, but also can greatly reduce the environmental pollution to the ocean, and realize the sustainable exploitation and protection of marine resources. A sound ocean policy can not only ensure the orderly development of marine resources, but also protect the development and utilization of marine resources. It can enhance the national attention to the exploitation and utilization of marine resources, promote international exchanges and cooperation in the exploitation and utilization of marine resources, and further realize the all-round development of marine humanities, science and technology and so on. Therefore, our country should develop rapidly into a powerful marine country. On the one hand, we should actively introduce advanced marine resources development and utilization technology, develop and utilize marine resources more reasonably and efficiently, and reduce the pollution to the marine environment caused by low efficiency development. On the other hand, we should make rational use of marine resources and improve the policy guarantee system for sustainable development, strengthen the investment of policy funds in the development and utilization of marine resources, and gradually form a sound and orderly supervision and management system. To ensure the authority of marine resources policy legislation, the rationality of legal system, the order of operation and the effectiveness of supervision and management.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P74

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