大亚湾底拖网海洋生物种类组成及物种多样性

发布时间：2018-07-13 12:59

【摘要】：为了能够掌握大亚湾物种多样性状况,本文利用2004 2015年大亚湾底栖生物调查底拖网数据,研究了该海域的生物种类组成、优势种及物种多样性的时空变化。结果表明:2004 2015年共获得海洋动物429种,隶属于10门16纲175科309属,各航次物种数变化范围在75 114种之间,不同年份、季节均以软体动物、节肢动物和鱼类为主要生物类群;大亚湾物种数量的空间分布存在差异,春季在2007年前基本呈现海湾西部高于东部的趋势,夏季在2008年前则呈现向海湾西南部升高的趋势,之后不同季节则基本呈现湾口高于湾内北部、东部高于西部的趋势;大亚湾的主要优势种具有一定的季节性变化,春季常以鳞片帝汶蛤(Timoclea imbricata)或波纹巴非蛤(Paratapes undulatus)优势度最高,夏季2004 2007年间优势度最高的优势种经常变化,2008年后则以棒锥螺(Turritella bacillum)优势度最高,秋季棒锥螺或鳞片帝汶蛤优势度最高;2004年后大亚湾底拖网物种多样性呈逐渐降低的趋势,特别是海湾北部物种多样性下降严重,受人类活动的干扰较大。目前,大亚湾的局部区域承担了整个海湾物种多样性的维持功能,底栖生态系统相对更加脆弱。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the species diversity in Daya Bay, the spatial and temporal changes of species composition, dominant species and species diversity in Daya Bay were studied by using the bottom trawl data from the survey of benthos in Daya Bay from 2004 to 2015. The results showed that 429 species of marine animals, belonging to 10 phyla, 16 classes, 175 families, 309 genera, were obtained from 2015 to 2015. The species number of each voyage varied from 75 to 114 species. In different seasons, molluscs, arthropods and fish were the main biological groups. The spatial distribution of species in Daya Bay is different. The trend of west bay is higher than that of east in spring before 2007, and that of summer is rising to southwest of bay before 2008. The main dominant species in Daya Bay showed seasonal variation, and the dominant species in spring were Timoclea imbricata or Paratapes undulatus. The dominant species with the highest dominance in summer 2004 and 2007 were frequently changed. After 2008, Turritella bacillum had the highest dominance, and the dominant degree was highest in autumn, and the species diversity of bottom trawl in Daya Bay decreased gradually after 2004. In particular, the species diversity in the northern Gulf has declined seriously, and has been greatly disturbed by human activities. At present, the local area of Daya Bay is responsible for maintaining the diversity of species in the whole bay, and the benthic ecosystem is more fragile.
【作者单位】：国家海洋局南海环境监测中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41406179,41776172)
【分类号】：Q178.53

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