180#燃料油中PAHs在斑马鱼体内的生物富集研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 14:24

【摘要】：近年来,随着海上运输业及海洋石油资源开发的发展,溢油事故时有发生。溢油中的主要毒性物质为多环芳烃(PAHs)。相关研究表明,PAHs占油分含量的1%～6%,是溢油污染毒性效应的主要来源。溢油过程中PAHs的毒性效应已经引起了广大研究学者的关注。作为一种持久性有机污染物,PAHs具有高毒性、持久性、生物累积性和远距离迁移能力,可对生态系统和人类健康产生严重危害。研究PAHs在斑马鱼体内的生物富集过程和规律,对于研究其毒性作用机理及其生态风险评价具有重要的科学意义。通常情况下,水生生物体从周围环境中富集有毒物质的途径分为水相和食物相。本实验模拟溢油水体环境,研究斑马鱼不同组织中通过食物相对PAHs的选择性吸收和生物富集。具体研究内容如下:(1)研究高、中、低三种PAHs浓度下的生物富集差异;(2)研究斑马鱼性别对生物富集的影响,考虑雌鱼子代传递;(3)分析斑马鱼不同组织(肝、肠、性腺、肌肉等)生物富集差异;(4)分析不同组分PAHs在斑马鱼内的生物富集规律差异。经过21天实验,得到以下结论:(1)高浓度实验组较低浓度实验组会显著提高斑马鱼对PAHs的富集浓度;(2)雌雄斑马鱼各个组织PAHs的富集趋势具有相似性,不同组织内PAHs富集浓度总体趋势为:肝脏性腺肠道肌肉;(3)实验中丰年虾及斑马鱼各组织中富集的PAHs组分中,萘、菲和蒽都是富集含量较多的三种PAHs;(4)斑马鱼各组织主要富集低分子量的二三环PAHs,对于四五环及以上的高分子量PAHs的富集较少。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of marine transportation and offshore oil resources development, oil spill accidents occur from time to time. The main toxic substance in oil spill is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Related studies show that PAHs account for 1 / 6 of the oil content, which is the main source of toxic effect of oil spill pollution. The toxic effect of PAHs during oil spill has attracted the attention of many researchers. As a persistent organic pollutant, PAHs are highly toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative and long-range transport, which can cause serious harm to ecosystem and human health. It is of great scientific significance to study the bioaccumulation of PAHs in zebrafish and its mechanism of toxicity and ecological risk assessment. In general, aquatic organisms enrich toxic substances from the surrounding environment through water and food phases. In order to simulate the environment of oil spill, the selective absorption and bioconcentration of PAHs in different tissues of zebrafish were studied. The specific contents of the study are as follows: (1) the differences of bioconcentration in high, medium and low concentrations of PAHs were studied; (2) the effect of zebrafish sex on bioaccumulation was studied, and the transmission of female offspring was considered; (3) the different tissues (liver, intestine, gonad) of zebrafish were analyzed. (4) the differences of bioconcentration of different components of PAHs in zebrafish were analyzed. After 21 days of experiment, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) the enrichment concentration of PAHs in zebrafish was significantly increased in the experimental group with low concentration of high concentration, and (2) the enrichment trend of PAHs in all tissues of male and female zebrafish was similar. The general trend of concentration of PAHs in different tissues was as follows: hepatic gonadal intestinal muscle, (3) naphthalene in the enriched PAHs components of the tissues of the prawn and zebrafish. Phenanthrene and anthracene are the three kinds of PAHs with high concentration. (4) the tissues of zebrafish mainly concentrate on the low molecular weight dicyclic PAHs, but not on the high molecular weight PAHs with four or five rings or more.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X174;X55

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