沙蚕修复滩涂生境效果的初步研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 14:59

【摘要】：在福安市溪尾镇溪邳村生态修复示范区内1#泥蚶试验区和2#嚑蛏试验区，底播不同密度双齿围沙蚕（在1#与2#内各划分出6小块地，分别记作A、B、C、D、E、F。A地为空白对照组，不播撒双齿围沙蚕。实验组沙蚕的密度逐渐递减， B、C、D、E、F密度比为1：1/2：1/3：1/4：1/5）修复试验区滩涂。运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对福安海域进行生态风险综合评价。通过对试验区内理化指标（总氮、总磷、有机碳、硫化物、氧化还原电位）以及线虫丰度、线虫与桡足的丰度之比以及底上刮食者的线虫数量与桡足类的数量之比，线虫的群落组成等生物指标的监测来评估在底播不同密度的沙蚕修复滩涂生境的效果。本研究果如下： 1、福安海域沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险综合评价该海域沉积物中重金属Hg、As、Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr的平均含量分别为：0.115mg/kg、8.25mg/kg、12.38mg/kg、54.7mg/kg、0.118mg/kg、58.4mg/kg。除重金属As外，其他重金属之间均存在显著相关性（P0.05），重金属单因子指数依次为Cd（0.237）Cu（0.413）As（0.550）Hg（0.577）Cr（0.973）Pb（2.187），Hg、As、Cu、Cd、Cr的含量达到了低污染水平，Pb含量达到了中度污染水平。重金属内梅罗综合污染指数平均值为1.653，属中污染水平。生态风险指数（RI）为50.62，属于低潜在生态风险范畴。 2、不同密度沙蚕对滩涂理化因子的影响（1）两块实验地中实验组与各自的对照组总氮含量差异均不显著（P0.05），与对照组1#A相比，实验组1#B、1#C、1#D、1#E、1#F总氮含量分别降低了19.17%、16.43%、13.69%、26.70%、21.91%，1#E总氮含量的下降幅度最大。与对照组2#A相比，2#B、2#C、2#D、2#E、2#F总氮含量分别增加了35.71%、43.45%、26.19%、20.23%、32.14%，2#E块地中总氮含量的积累量最少；（2）两块实验地中各组与各自的对照组总磷含量差异均不显著（P0.05），与对照组1#A相比，实验组1#B、1#C、1#D、1#E、1#F总磷含量分别降低了6.61%、5.44%、5.63%、2.33%、7.19%，1#F总磷含量的下降幅度最大。与对照组2#A相比，2#B、2#C总磷含量分别增加了3.40%、0.68%，2#D、2#E、2#F总磷含量分别减少了4.53%、0.45%、4.99%，2#F块地中总磷含量的下降幅度最大；（3）有机碳含量在1#中实验组与对照组之间存在显著性差异（P0.05），与对照组1#A相比，1#B、1#C有机碳含量分别增加了2.86%、3.40%，1#D、1#E、1#F有机碳含量分别下降了2.14%、7.87%、10.55%，1#F块地有机碳含量的下降幅度最大。2#中实验组与对照组有机碳含量差异不显著（P0.05），与对照组2#A相比，2#B、2#C、2#D、2#F有机碳含量分别增加了4.24%、1.94%、0.18%、2.12%，2#E有机碳含量下降了1.77%；（4）两块实验地中各组与各自的对照组硫化物含量差异均不显著（P0.05），与对照组1#A相比，1#E硫化物含量增加了0.84%，1#B、1#C、1#D、1#F硫化物含量分别下降了8.80%、6.20%、5.63%、3.79%，，1#B块地硫化物含量的下降幅度最大。与对照组2#A相比，2#B、2#C、2#D、2#E硫化物含量分别增加了9.25%、0.14%、45.70%、12.23%，2#F硫化物含量下降了11.92%；（5）两块实验地中各组与各自的对照组氧化还原电位差异均不显著（P0.05），与对照组1#A氧化还原电位相比，1#C氧化还原电位增加了2.70%，1#B、1#D、1#E、1#F氧化还原电位分别下降了26.18%、13.59%、1.74%、10.84%，1#B块地氧化还原电位下降幅度最大；与对照组2#A氧化还原电位相比，2#B、2#C氧化还原电位分别上升了1.84%、0.83%，2#D、2#E、2#F氧化还原电位分别下降了1.86%、2.29%、1.66%，2#E块地氧化还原电位下降幅度最大； 3、不同密度沙蚕对线虫数量的影响 1#试验区各组间线虫丰度不存在显著性的差异，2#中实验组2#D的线虫丰度与对照组2#A相比有显著的增加（P0.05），其余各实验组与对照组2#A均不存在显著性差异（P0.05）；就线虫桡足比而言，1#中实验组1#E线虫桡足比比值低于50，且与对照组1#A存在显著性差异（P0.05），其余各实验组与对照组1#A均不存在显著性差异（P0.05）。2#中各实验组与对照组2#A均不存在显著性的差异；就底上刮食者线虫的丰度与桡足丰度的比值而言，1#、2#各实验组与各自对照组间的差异均不显著（P0.05）。 4、不同密度沙蚕对线虫群落结构的影响（1）1#试验区共出现29属，优势属依次为：Terschellingia，Sabatieria，Daptonema，Parodontophora，Theristus，分别占24.38%，18.23%，17.08%，10.56%，8.93%，共占79.18%。1#中，实验组1#D（Sabatieria）、1#E（Daptonema）与对照组1#A（Terschellingia）的最优势线虫属不一致。2#中共出现线虫20属，优势属依次为Parodontophora，Daptonema，Terschellingia，Sabatieria，Theristus，分别占26.93%，21.09%，18.81%，18.61%，5.54%，共占90.98%。2#各实验组中2#D（Sabatiera与Terschellingia）、2#E（Terschellingia）、2#F（Daptonema）的最优属与对照组2#A（Parodontophora）不一致；（2）就1#线虫的食性类型而言，整体趋势是1B＞2B＞1A＞2A，1#C组是以1A型的线虫为主，而其它组的线虫均以1B型的线虫为主。10月份的2#中线虫的食性类型的趋势为1B＞2B＞1A＞2A，实验组与对照组间的最优势的食性类型一致，均为1B型，只是优势度存在差别；（3）1#除了1#C组以外，其余各组的多样性指数H’与1#A对照组相比，均有不同程度的增加，其中1#D、1#E组的多样性指数较高。10月份的2#E组的多样性指数值高于2#A组，其余各实验组与2#A组相比H’均有所下降。
[Abstract]:In the experimental area of 1# clay clam in Xi PI village ecological restoration demonstration area of Xi Wei Town of Fu'an city and the experimental area of 2# razor clam, different density of double tooth peri mori (in 1# and 2#) were divided into 6 small plots, which were recorded as A, B, C, D, E, F.A in the blank control group. 2:1/3:1/4:1/5) remediation test area beach. Using the single factor pollution index method, the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method and the potential ecological risk index method for comprehensive evaluation of ecological risk in Fu'an sea area. Through the physical and chemical indexes (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic carbon, sulfide, redox potential) and nematode abundance, nematode and radius in the experimental area The ratio of the abundance of the foot and the ratio of the number of nematodes to the copepods at the bottom, and the composition of the nematode community to assess the effects of the restoration of the beach habitats with different densities of the sowing in the bottom. The results of this study are as follows:
1, heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk assessment of sediments in Fu'an sea area.
The average content of heavy metals Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr in the sediments of this sea area are 0.115mg/kg, 8.25mg/kg, 12.38mg/kg, 54.7mg/kg, 0.118mg/kg, and there are significant correlations among the heavy metals except for 58.4mg/kg., and the single factor index of heavy metals is (0.237) (0.413) (0.550) (0.577) (0.973). The content of As, Cu, Cd, Cr reached the level of low pollution, and the content of Pb reached a moderate level of pollution. The average value of the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metal Nemero was 1.653, and the ecological risk index (RI) was 50.62, which belonged to the category of low potential ecological risk.
2, the influence of different density sand worm on the physical and chemical factors of the beach
(1) the total nitrogen content of the two experimental group and the control group was not significant (P0.05). Compared with the control group 1#A, the total nitrogen content of the experimental group 1#B, 1#C, 1#D, 1#E, 1#F decreased by 19.17%, 16.43%, 13.69%, 26.70%, 21.91%, and the total nitrogen content of 1#E was the largest. Compared with the control group 2#A, 2#B, 2#C, 2#D, and total nitrogen content respectively The accumulation of total nitrogen in the 35.71%, 43.45%, 26.19%, 20.23%, 32.14%, 2#E blocks was added to the least. (2) the total phosphorus content in the two experimental plots and the control group was not significant (P0.05). Compared with the control group 1#A, the total phosphorus content of the experimental group 1#B, 1#C, 1#D, 1#E, and 1#F decreased by 6.61%, 5.44%, 5.63%, 2.33%, 7.19%, and 1#F total phosphorus content, respectively. The total phosphorus content of 2#B and 2#C increased by 3.40%, 0.68%, 2#D, 2#E, and 2#F total phosphorus content decreased by 4.53%, 0.45%, 4.99%, respectively, compared with the control group 2#A, and (3) there was a significant difference between the organic carbon content in 1# and the control group (P0.05), 1 compared with the control group 1#A, 1. #B, 1#C organic carbon content increased by 2.86%, 3.40%, 1#D, 1#E, and 1#F organic carbon content decreased by 2.14%, 7.87%, 10.55%, 1#F block organic carbon content decreased the maximum.2# in the experimental group and the control group, the organic carbon content difference was not significant (P0.05), compared with the control group 2#A, 2#B, 2#C, 2#D, organic carbon content increased 4.24%, 1.94%, 0. respectively. The content of organic carbon in 18%, 2.12%, 2#E decreased by 1.77%. (4) the sulphide content in each group and the control group was not significant (P0.05). Compared with the control group 1#A, the content of 1#E sulfide increased by 0.84%, and the content of 1#B, 1#C, 1#D, and 1#F sulfide decreased by 8.80%, 6.20%, 5.63%, 3.79%, and 1#B block sulphide content, respectively. Compared with the control group 2#A, the content of 2#B, 2#C, 2#D, 2#E sulfide increased by 9.25%, 0.14%, 45.70%, 12.23%, and 2#F sulfur content decreased by 11.92%, and (5) the difference of redox potential of each group and the control group was not significant (P0.05), and the 1#C redox potential was increased by 2 compared with the control group 1#A redox potential. The oxidation-reduction potential of.70%, 1#B, 1#D, 1#E, 1#F decreased by 26.18%, 13.59%, 1.74%, 10.84%, 1#B, and the decrease of redox potential was the largest. Compared with the 2#A redox potential of the control group, 2#B and 2#C redox potential increased by 1.84%, 0.83%, 2#D, 2#E, and the 2#F oxidation reduction potential decreased by 1.86%, 2.29%, 1.66%, respectively. The reduction potential of reducing potential was the largest.
3, the influence of different density sand worm on the number of nematodes
There was no significant difference in the abundance of nematodes between each group in the 1# test area. The nematode abundance of 2#D in the experimental group of 2# was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other experimental groups and the control group (P0.05). The ratio of the copepod ratio of the 1#E nematode in the experimental group of the nematode was less than 50, and the ratio of the control group was to the control group 1#A. The ratio of the ratio of the nematode copepod in the experimental group of the nematode was lower than that of the control group, and the ratio of the control group was to the control group 1#A. There was significant difference (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the rest of the experimental group and the control group 1#A (P0.05) there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group 2#A in the.2#. The difference between the abundance of the curettage and the abundance of the copepods was not significant (P0.05) between the 1#, 2# and the control groups.
4, the influence of different density sand worm on the structure of nematode community
(1) there are 29 genera in the 1# test area. The dominant genera are: Terschellingia, Sabatieria, Daptonema, Parodontophora, Theristus, accounting for 24.38%, 18.23%, 17.08%, 10.56%, 8.93%, respectively. The experimental group 1#D (Sabatieria), 1#E (Daptonema) and the control group of the most dominant nematodes belong to the 20 genus of nematodes. The dominant genera were Parodontophora, Daptonema, Terschellingia, Sabatieria, Theristus, which accounted for 26.93%, 21.09%, 18.81%, 18.61%, 5.54% respectively, which accounted for 2#D (Sabatiera and Terschellingia), 2#E (Terschellingia), and 2#F (2) was the food of the nematode. The overall trend is 1B > 2B > 1A > 2A, and 1#C group is dominated by 1A type nematodes, while the other groups of nematodes in the other groups are 1B > 2B > 1A. The most dominant food types between the experimental and control groups are the same as those of the control group, but the dominance degree is the same. (3) In addition to the 1#C group, the diversity index H 'of the other groups increased in varying degrees compared with the 1#A control group, in which the diversity index of the 1#E group was higher in the 2#E group of the.10 month higher than that of the 2#A group, and the other experimental groups had lower H' than the 2#A group.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X174;X55

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