海上溢油威胁度及处置技术评估

发布时间：2018-08-25 20:15

【摘要】：海上溢油事故是一种严重的环境灾害,对海洋生态环境和社会经济活动产生长期、重大的危害,有必要采取合理、快速、高效的溢油应急处置措施。溢油事故发生后,首先判断事故可能对海域敏感资源造成的威胁程度等级,根据威胁度,评估处置技术的优劣性,对处置技术进行最优化选择,实现高效处理溢油的同时,尽量减小溢油处理过程造成的环境影响和经济费用。通过分析与溢油污染威胁程度有关的影响因素,建立了涵盖溢油量、油品特性、船舶状况、海域类型、海况五个方面的海上船舶溢油威胁程度评价的层次结构指标体系,利用层次分析法分配各级指标的权重值,并运用模糊综合评价方法对溢油的威胁等级进行评估。弥补单纯以经济指标评估技术优劣的不足,研究中考虑环境和经济两方面的因素,构建包括技术、经济和环境的技术评估指标体系。威胁度等级决定技术评估指标中技术性能、经济性能和环境性能的相对重要程度。威胁程度为重大,技术性能最为重要,其次是可能对环境造成的影响,最后考虑技术是否经济；威胁程度为较小,技术评估中因素考虑的优先顺序是：首先要求经济费用低、其次是环境影响和技术性能。技术指标的相对重要程度不同,构造不同的判断矩阵,计算得到的权重值不同。技术指标的权重分配决定溢油应急处置技术的优劣性评估。以福建省厦门港油轮“闽燃供2号”溢油事故为例,根据溢油威胁程度评估模型,判断此次事故可能对海域环境造成的威胁程度等级为重大,以此为依据,构造指标间不同相对重要程度的判断矩阵,计算判断矩阵,得到技术评估指标的权重,利用模糊综合评价法对适用于该事故的处置措施进行优劣性评估,为技术的进一步优化筛选提供依据,实现溢油事故处置技术的高效、经济、环保。
[Abstract]:Marine oil spill accident is a serious environmental disaster, which is harmful to marine ecological environment and social economic activities for a long time. It is necessary to take reasonable, rapid and efficient emergency measures to deal with oil spill. The advantages and disadvantages of disposal technology are evaluated, and the disposal technology is optimized to achieve efficient treatment of oil spill while minimizing the environmental impact and economic costs caused by the oil spill treatment process.
By analyzing the influencing factors related to the threat degree of oil spill pollution, a hierarchical index system for evaluating the threat degree of oil spill from ships is established, which covers five aspects: oil spill volume, oil characteristics, ship condition, sea area type and sea condition. The threat level of oil spill is evaluated.
In order to make up for the shortage of evaluating technology by economic indicators alone, a technical evaluation index system including technology, economy and environment is constructed by considering both environmental and economic factors. Performance is the most important, followed by the possible impact on the environment, and finally consider whether the technology is economic; threat degree is small, the priority of factors considered in technology assessment is: first, low economic costs, followed by environmental impact and technical performance. The weight distribution of technical indexes determines the quality evaluation of oil spill emergency disposal technology.
Taking the oil spill accident of the oil tanker "Fujian Fuel Supply No.2" in Xiamen Port of Fujian Province as an example, according to the oil spill threat assessment model, the degree of threat that the accident may cause to the marine environment is judged as important. Based on this, the judgment matrix of different relative importance between the indexes is constructed, the judgment matrix is calculated, and the weights of the technical evaluation indexes are obtained. Thirdly, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the disposal measures suitable for the accident, providing a basis for further optimization and screening of the technology, and realizing the high efficiency, economy and environmental protection of the oil spill accident disposal technology.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X55

【参考文献】