多胺在东海赤潮演替过程中的变化及其对赤潮藻耐营养盐限制能力的调节作用
发布时间：2018-08-30 16:07
【摘要】：东海赤潮频发,并存在着演替的现象,赤潮演替的机制是研究热点。本文研究了东海赤潮高发区游离态多胺组成、浓度及平面分布以及不同营养盐条件下围隔生态系内多胺浓度变化,研究多胺与赤潮演替之间的关系。另外,在实验室内开展了营养盐限制条件下中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的生长状况及生理响应。同时进行了添加多胺对营养盐限制条件下中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻生长的调节作用实验,进一步揭示多胺对赤潮藻耐营养盐胁迫效应的调节作用。调查海区腐胺、亚精胺和精胺的浓度范围分别为0~48nmol/L,3~11nmol/L和2~17nmol/L,其中腐胺的平均浓度最高,亚精胺次之,精胺的浓度最低。从平面分布看,在4月份以中肋骨条藻为主的硅藻赤潮爆发期,和5月份以东海原甲藻为主的甲藻赤潮爆发期,赤潮爆发的区域多胺浓度相对较高;各个断面的多胺浓度随着赤潮爆发的过程发生变化,并且与有机碳、颗粒有机碳、有机氮以及碳氮比等呈较明显的相关性。在东海赤潮爆发区域运用围隔生态系实验方法,研究了不同营养盐条件下围隔生态系内多胺浓度变化。2011年取用中肋骨条藻赤潮爆发处海水,所有围隔生态系内优势种都发生了从中肋骨条藻到东海原甲藻的演替。各围隔生态系内腐胺浓度最高,在中肋骨条藻生长初期腐胺浓度下降,随着中肋骨条藻的生长有所上升,实验后期随着东海原甲藻的生长又整体呈现出下降趋势;各实验组精胺浓度较低,在中肋骨条藻消亡东海原甲藻出现的种群演替期间,都呈现出较大波动;各围隔内亚精胺浓度较低,在整个种群演替过程中没有明显的变化。围隔生态系中补充营养盐,通过对浮游植物生长的影响,间接影响围隔生态系内的多胺变化。在营养盐限制条件下中肋骨条藻的生长都受到抑制,特别是当硅和磷的浓度都比较低的时候。在营养盐限制条件下,各组中肋骨条藻体内的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)都有所升高,在硅限制条件下表现的最为明显;中肋骨条藻体内的二胺氧化酶(DAO)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)都高于对照组;中肋骨条藻细胞内多胺变化复杂,其中各形态腐胺(Put),游离态亚精胺(Spd)和总亚精胺(Spd),总精胺(Spm)的浓度都要高于对照组。营养盐限制条件下,中肋骨条藻体内生理指标的变化都有利于藻细胞抵抗营养盐限制所带来的损害。在营养盐限制条件下中肋骨条藻生长受到抑制,添加外源亚精胺和精胺后中肋骨条藻的生长率都比限制条件下要高。说明添加外源亚精胺和精胺后能够缓解营养盐限制对中肋骨条藻的限制作用。营养盐限制条件下中肋骨条藻细胞内丙二醛的含量都要高于对照组,添加外源亚精胺和精胺后细胞内丙二醛含量都有所降低,并且各实验组的SOD活性都要高于营养盐限制实验组;添加外源多胺后,中肋骨条藻细胞内DAO和PAO活性发生变化;添加外源亚精胺和精胺后,中肋骨条藻细胞内束缚态多胺都有所升高,有利于增强藻细胞的稳定性,抵抗营养盐限制造成的损害。营养盐限制条件下东海原甲藻生长都受到抑制。在营养盐限制条件下,与对照组相比东海原甲藻体内的MDA都明显升高;与对照组相比东海原甲藻体内的SOD活性都有所降低,特别是在氮磷浓度比较低的情况下;与对照组相比东海原甲藻体内的PAO和DAO都有所升高。在营养盐限制条件下,东海原甲藻细胞内束缚态和总Put,游离态和束缚态和总Spd、Spm浓度都比对照组含量要高,都可能在东海原甲藻抵抗营养盐限制胁迫中起到了重要作用。在营养盐限制条件下东海原甲藻生长受到限制,添加外源多胺后东海原甲藻生长率都有所提高,外源多胺加入缓解了营养限制对藻细胞的损害。营养盐限制条件下添加外源多胺后,东海原甲藻细胞内MDA含量降低,各实验组SOD活性都有所提升;营养盐限制条件下添加外源游离态多胺后,东海原甲藻细胞内DAO和PAO活性发生变化能够调节藻细胞多胺的含量,有利于保护细胞完整性;营养盐限制条件下添加外源游离态多胺后,东海原甲藻细胞内多胺发生变化,有利于增强藻细胞的稳定性,抵抗营养盐限制造成的损害。东海赤潮演替过程中多胺的浓度与分布与赤潮生物量有关,围隔生态系内多胺的变化也来自于藻的变化。在营养盐限制条件下中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻都受到氧化损害,添加外源多胺后对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻抵抗营养胁迫起到了明显的调节作用。
[Abstract]:Red tides occur frequently in the East China Sea and occur succession. The mechanism of red tide succession is a hot topic. The composition, concentration and plane distribution of free polyamines in the high-incidence areas of red tides in the East China Sea and the changes of polyamines concentration in the enclosed ecosystems under different nutrient conditions were studied. The growth and physiological responses of Skeletonema costatum and Prorodina orientalis under nutrient restriction were studied. The effects of polyamines on the growth of Skeletonema costatum and Prodina orientalis under nutrient restriction were also studied. The effects of polyamines on the tolerance of red tide algae to nutrient stress were further revealed. The concentrations of amine, spermidine and spermine ranged from 0 to 48 nmol/L, 3 to 11 nmol/L and 2 to 17 nmol/L, respectively. The average concentration of putrescine was the highest, followed by spermidine, and spermine was the lowest. The concentrations of polyamines in different sections changed with the outbreak of red tide and correlated with organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, organic nitrogen and C/N ratio. The enclosure ecosystem experiment was conducted in the red tide outbreak area of the East China Sea to study the enclosure ecology under different nutrient conditions. The concentration of polyamines in the system changed. In 2011, the dominant species in the enclosure ecosystem successed from S. costatum to P. orientalis in the seawater at the outbreak of S. costatum red tide. In the later stage of the experiment, the concentration of spermine decreased with the growth of Prorodina in the East China Sea; the concentration of spermine in each experimental group was low, and fluctuated greatly during the population succession of Prorodina in the East China Sea, and the concentration of spermidine in each enclosure was low, and there was no obvious change during the whole population succession. The growth of Skeletonema costatum was inhibited under nutrient restriction, especially when the concentrations of silicon and phosphorus were low. Under nutrient restriction, superoxide dismutasion in Skeletonema costatum was observed in all groups. Both SOD and MDA were elevated, especially under silicon restriction. The activities of DAO and PAO in S. costatum were higher than those in control group. The changes of polyamines in S. costatum cells were complicated, including putrescine (Put), free spermidine (Spd) and total spermidine (Spm). The growth of S. costatum was inhibited under nutrient restriction, and the growth rate of S. costatum was higher than that of S. costatum under nutrient restriction. The content of malondialdehyde in cells of S. costatum was higher than that of control group under nutrient restriction. The content of malondialdehyde in cells of S. costatum was decreased after adding spermidine and spermine, and the activity of SOD in each experimental group was also decreased. After adding exogenous polyamines, the activities of DAO and PAO in the cells of S. costatum changed. After adding exogenous spermidine and spermine, the bound polyamines in the cells of S. costatum increased, which was beneficial to enhance the stability of algae cells and resist the damage caused by nutrient restriction. Prorodina growth in the Lower East China Sea was inhibited. Compared with the control group, the MDA in the protodina of the East China Sea was significantly increased under nutrient restriction. Compared with the control group, the SOD activity in the protodina of the East China Sea was decreased, especially when the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus was relatively low. The contents of bound and total Put, free and bound states, total Spd and Spm were higher than those of the control group under nutrient restriction, which may play an important role in the resistance of Prorocentra orientalis to nutrient stress. After adding exogenous polyamines, the content of MDA in the cells of P. donghaiensis decreased and the activity of SOD in each experimental group increased. When adding exogenous polyamines under nutrient restriction, the growth rate of P. donghaiensis increased. The changes of DAO and PAO activities in protodinoflagellate cells can regulate the content of polyamines in algae cells and protect the integrity of algae cells. The concentration and distribution of polyamines during succession were related to the biomass of red tide, and the changes of polyamines in the enclosure ecosystem were also caused by the changes of algae. Moderating effect.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X55
本文编号：2213585
[Abstract]:Red tides occur frequently in the East China Sea and occur succession. The mechanism of red tide succession is a hot topic. The composition, concentration and plane distribution of free polyamines in the high-incidence areas of red tides in the East China Sea and the changes of polyamines concentration in the enclosed ecosystems under different nutrient conditions were studied. The growth and physiological responses of Skeletonema costatum and Prorodina orientalis under nutrient restriction were studied. The effects of polyamines on the growth of Skeletonema costatum and Prodina orientalis under nutrient restriction were also studied. The effects of polyamines on the tolerance of red tide algae to nutrient stress were further revealed. The concentrations of amine, spermidine and spermine ranged from 0 to 48 nmol/L, 3 to 11 nmol/L and 2 to 17 nmol/L, respectively. The average concentration of putrescine was the highest, followed by spermidine, and spermine was the lowest. The concentrations of polyamines in different sections changed with the outbreak of red tide and correlated with organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, organic nitrogen and C/N ratio. The enclosure ecosystem experiment was conducted in the red tide outbreak area of the East China Sea to study the enclosure ecology under different nutrient conditions. The concentration of polyamines in the system changed. In 2011, the dominant species in the enclosure ecosystem successed from S. costatum to P. orientalis in the seawater at the outbreak of S. costatum red tide. In the later stage of the experiment, the concentration of spermine decreased with the growth of Prorodina in the East China Sea; the concentration of spermine in each experimental group was low, and fluctuated greatly during the population succession of Prorodina in the East China Sea, and the concentration of spermidine in each enclosure was low, and there was no obvious change during the whole population succession. The growth of Skeletonema costatum was inhibited under nutrient restriction, especially when the concentrations of silicon and phosphorus were low. Under nutrient restriction, superoxide dismutasion in Skeletonema costatum was observed in all groups. Both SOD and MDA were elevated, especially under silicon restriction. The activities of DAO and PAO in S. costatum were higher than those in control group. The changes of polyamines in S. costatum cells were complicated, including putrescine (Put), free spermidine (Spd) and total spermidine (Spm). The growth of S. costatum was inhibited under nutrient restriction, and the growth rate of S. costatum was higher than that of S. costatum under nutrient restriction. The content of malondialdehyde in cells of S. costatum was higher than that of control group under nutrient restriction. The content of malondialdehyde in cells of S. costatum was decreased after adding spermidine and spermine, and the activity of SOD in each experimental group was also decreased. After adding exogenous polyamines, the activities of DAO and PAO in the cells of S. costatum changed. After adding exogenous spermidine and spermine, the bound polyamines in the cells of S. costatum increased, which was beneficial to enhance the stability of algae cells and resist the damage caused by nutrient restriction. Prorodina growth in the Lower East China Sea was inhibited. Compared with the control group, the MDA in the protodina of the East China Sea was significantly increased under nutrient restriction. Compared with the control group, the SOD activity in the protodina of the East China Sea was decreased, especially when the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus was relatively low. The contents of bound and total Put, free and bound states, total Spd and Spm were higher than those of the control group under nutrient restriction, which may play an important role in the resistance of Prorocentra orientalis to nutrient stress. After adding exogenous polyamines, the content of MDA in the cells of P. donghaiensis decreased and the activity of SOD in each experimental group increased. When adding exogenous polyamines under nutrient restriction, the growth rate of P. donghaiensis increased. The changes of DAO and PAO activities in protodinoflagellate cells can regulate the content of polyamines in algae cells and protect the integrity of algae cells. The concentration and distribution of polyamines during succession were related to the biomass of red tide, and the changes of polyamines in the enclosure ecosystem were also caused by the changes of algae. Moderating effect.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X55
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