基于介质温度特性的冰层厚度检测系统设计与数据分析
发布时间：2018-09-03 12:33
【摘要】：冰冻是世界上高海拔、高纬度地区普遍存在的一种自然现象。北欧与亚洲的很多国家都存在不同程度的河冰问题。我国北纬25度以北的江、河、湖、海,冬季都有不同程度的冰情危害或严重的凌汛灾害。在渤海及黄海北部海域每年都会发生海水结冰现象。冰冻引起的自然灾害阻碍航运,对发电、供水,桥梁和沿岸建筑物都会形成极大的威胁。特别是冰凌形成时往往会影响航运、增加水工建筑物的荷载,严重时引发冰凌溃坝决口等灾害。凌汛灾害是最严重的何冰危害。对海冰与河冰的变化规律的研究在全球气候系统研究领域和冰凌灾害的预防工作中都具有十分重要的基础性地位,其中对冰的生消过程规律的研究是海冰与河冰问题研究工作中非常关键的环节。本课题在国家自然科学基金项目“基于空气、冰与水物理特性差异的冰层生消过程与力学强度连续在线检测原理研究“(项目编号:51279122)”的资助下,进行了“基于介质温度特性的冰层厚度检测系统设计与数据分析”课题的研究,完成了冰情检测温度链传感器及其系统的设计工作与冰情数据分析方法的研究。主要的研究工作内容包括:(1)通过查阅相关文献资料,分析、研究了作者所在科研课题组近几年在完成黄河内蒙段、万家寨水库等现场冰情检测试验中获得的数据及工程应用经验,确定了本课题的研究目标与任务。(2)以作者所在科研课题组研制成功的“R-T冰情检测传感器”为依据,分析研究了空气、冰与水的电导特性和温度特性,以介质温度特性为测量物理参数,开展了本课题的研究工作。(3)选择高性能数字温度测量芯片LTC2983作为温度测量主控单元,对PT-RTD和热敏电阻两类器件进行了温度特性对比实验。根据相关实验数据,选用热敏电阻作为冰情检测温度链传感器的温度敏感元件。(4)以热敏电阻与芯片LTC2983为冰情检测温度链传感器核心器件进行了高精度冰情检测温度链系统的整体设计,完成了系统相关硬件电路的设计,并开发了相应的配套软件。(5)在冰情数据的分析中,根据冰情检测过程中涉及的被测介质温度分布规律特点,提出了运用数学分析中聚类方法实现不同介质数据的分类,进而采用线性拟合方法计算冰层厚度的冰情数据处理方法。经过对黄河冰情现场采集数据的分析计算,验证了该数据分析方法获得的正确性。这一新的冰情数据处理方法可以为冰工程应用中冰情现场观测数据处理提供一种新的冰层厚度计算途径。
[Abstract]:Freezing is a natural phenomenon in high altitude and high latitude of the world. Many countries in northern Europe and Asia have varying degrees of river ice problems. The river, lake, sea and winter north of 25 degrees north latitude of our country all have different degrees of ice condition harm or serious ice flood disaster. Sea water freezes every year in the Bohai Sea and Huang Hai's northern waters. Frozen natural disasters hinder shipping and pose a serious threat to power generation, water supply, bridges and coastal buildings. Especially when ice is formed, it will often affect shipping, increase the load of hydraulic structures, and cause serious disasters such as the break of ice dam break. Ice-flood disaster is the most serious He Bing harm. The study of the variation of sea ice and river ice plays an important and fundamental role in the field of global climate system research and ice disaster prevention. Among them, the study on the process of ice formation and removal is a key link in the research of sea ice and river ice. This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "Research on the principle of continuous online measurement of ice deposition process and mechanical strength based on the difference of physical characteristics of air, ice and water" (Project No.: 51279122). The design and data analysis of ice thickness detection system based on the temperature characteristics of medium are studied. The design work of the temperature chain sensor and its system and the method of ice condition data analysis are completed. The main research contents are as follows: (1) by consulting relevant documents and analyzing the author's research group in recent years in the completion of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia section, Based on the data and engineering application experience obtained in the field ice condition test of Wanjiazhai Reservoir, the research objectives and tasks of this subject are determined. (2) based on the "R-T ice condition detection sensor" developed by the author in the scientific research group, The conductivity and temperature characteristics of air, ice and water are analyzed and studied. Taking the temperature characteristics of the medium as the physical parameters, the research work is carried out. (3) the high performance digital temperature measurement chip LTC2983 is selected as the main temperature measurement control unit. The temperature characteristics of PT-RTD and thermistor are compared. According to the relevant experimental data, The thermistor is selected as the temperature sensitive element of the temperature chain sensor for ice condition detection. (4) the temperature chain system of high precision ice condition detection is designed by using the thermistor and chip LTC2983 as the core devices of the temperature chain sensor for ice condition detection. The related hardware circuit of the system is designed, and the corresponding software is developed. (5) in the analysis of ice condition data, according to the characteristics of temperature distribution of measured medium in the process of ice condition detection, In this paper, the classification of different media data is realized by clustering method in mathematical analysis, and the ice condition data processing method using linear fitting method to calculate ice thickness is put forward. The correctness of the method is verified by the analysis and calculation of the data collected on the site of the Yellow River ice regime. This new method can provide a new way to calculate the thickness of ice in ice field observation data processing in ice engineering.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P332.8;P714.1
[Abstract]:Freezing is a natural phenomenon in high altitude and high latitude of the world. Many countries in northern Europe and Asia have varying degrees of river ice problems. The river, lake, sea and winter north of 25 degrees north latitude of our country all have different degrees of ice condition harm or serious ice flood disaster. Sea water freezes every year in the Bohai Sea and Huang Hai's northern waters. Frozen natural disasters hinder shipping and pose a serious threat to power generation, water supply, bridges and coastal buildings. Especially when ice is formed, it will often affect shipping, increase the load of hydraulic structures, and cause serious disasters such as the break of ice dam break. Ice-flood disaster is the most serious He Bing harm. The study of the variation of sea ice and river ice plays an important and fundamental role in the field of global climate system research and ice disaster prevention. Among them, the study on the process of ice formation and removal is a key link in the research of sea ice and river ice. This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "Research on the principle of continuous online measurement of ice deposition process and mechanical strength based on the difference of physical characteristics of air, ice and water" (Project No.: 51279122). The design and data analysis of ice thickness detection system based on the temperature characteristics of medium are studied. The design work of the temperature chain sensor and its system and the method of ice condition data analysis are completed. The main research contents are as follows: (1) by consulting relevant documents and analyzing the author's research group in recent years in the completion of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia section, Based on the data and engineering application experience obtained in the field ice condition test of Wanjiazhai Reservoir, the research objectives and tasks of this subject are determined. (2) based on the "R-T ice condition detection sensor" developed by the author in the scientific research group, The conductivity and temperature characteristics of air, ice and water are analyzed and studied. Taking the temperature characteristics of the medium as the physical parameters, the research work is carried out. (3) the high performance digital temperature measurement chip LTC2983 is selected as the main temperature measurement control unit. The temperature characteristics of PT-RTD and thermistor are compared. According to the relevant experimental data, The thermistor is selected as the temperature sensitive element of the temperature chain sensor for ice condition detection. (4) the temperature chain system of high precision ice condition detection is designed by using the thermistor and chip LTC2983 as the core devices of the temperature chain sensor for ice condition detection. The related hardware circuit of the system is designed, and the corresponding software is developed. (5) in the analysis of ice condition data, according to the characteristics of temperature distribution of measured medium in the process of ice condition detection, In this paper, the classification of different media data is realized by clustering method in mathematical analysis, and the ice condition data processing method using linear fitting method to calculate ice thickness is put forward. The correctness of the method is verified by the analysis and calculation of the data collected on the site of the Yellow River ice regime. This new method can provide a new way to calculate the thickness of ice in ice field observation data processing in ice engineering.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P332.8;P714.1
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