楚科奇海与北欧海海洋酸化研究
发布时间：2018-09-04 15:28
【摘要】：自工业革命以来,大气中CO2增长迅速,同时海洋吸收大气中的CO2,引起海洋酸化。尽管海洋酸化是全球化现象,但是高纬度海域海洋酸化相对低纬度海域更为明显。北冰洋表层海水p CO2较低,表层水温较低,夏季海冰融化加剧,都会进一步加剧北冰洋酸化。本文基于中国北极科考数据以及CARINA数据库的数据,对北欧海和楚科奇海的海洋酸化状况进行研究,并使用正交偏最小二乘判别法(OPLS-DA)做相关性分析。得出的结论如下:(1)楚科奇海海洋酸化正在发生。随着北极海冰快速退缩,以及无冰期时间的增长,表层海水暴露在高CO2浓度大气的时间有所增加。楚科奇海北部海域表层水2012年开始出现文石不饱和(Ωarag1)的情况。在楚科奇海次表层水发现两个来源不同的Ωarag1的水团,分别是在100 m水深的陆架坡折处的水团,以及陆坡区200 m深处由白令海和楚科奇海陆架的冬季变性水形成的水团,在1994年两个水团分界明显,但是在2008年中国第三次北极科考期间发现两个Ωarag1的水团已经扩大并相融合成一个更大的Ωarag1的水团,在2012年中国第五次北极科考中又一次观测到了此情形。此外,从1994年到2012年在表层海水和断面上的原位p H分布也可以看出海水原位p H正逐渐下降。(2)相比之下,北欧海海洋酸化不明显。整个海区都处在文石过饱和状态,从1993年到2012年的四个航次的观测文石饱和度最低值为1.77。北欧海深层水是多水团混合而成,深层水的性质几乎相同,差异不明显,碳酸钙饱和度随深度减小。深层水的文石饱和补偿深度约为2000 m,文石饱和补偿深度线深度多年都没有明显变化。北欧海表层500 m以浅的水团特征明显,没有海冰与河流径流的影响,在夏初格陵兰海近岸海域存在融冰水的稀释作用,仅对近岸海域的碳酸盐系统产生影响。(3)两海区表层海水海洋酸化的主控因素是生物因素、海水对大气CO2的吸收能力、温度和盐度。初级生产力极高的表层海水具有较高的p H值和Ω,该变化符合“浮游植物—碳酸盐饱和度”(Phytoplankton Carbonate Saturation State,Phy CASS)模型。楚科奇海夏季时受海冰融水和周边大陆冰雪融水以及径流的影响,楚科奇海海洋酸化受生物生产和淡水稀释影响极大。北欧海水团来源稳定,周边没有河流径流,仅有格陵兰沿岸海域受融冰水稀释作用影响。(4)随着北极增温,北极海冰融化加剧,多年的观测数据显示:海洋酸化的程度与当年的北冰洋冰情具有明显的相关关系。2008年和2012年是自1980年以来北极海冰后撤最为严重的两个年份,同时这两年楚科奇海海洋酸化程度比其他年份更加严峻。
[Abstract]:Since the Industrial Revolution, CO2 in the atmosphere has grown rapidly, and the ocean absorbs CO2, from the atmosphere to cause ocean acidification. Although ocean acidification is a global phenomenon, ocean acidification in high latitudes is more obvious than that in lower latitudes. The lower p CO2, lower surface water temperature and higher melting of summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean will further increase the acidification of the Arctic Ocean. Based on the Arctic data of China and the data of CARINA database, this paper studies the ocean acidification in the Nordic Sea and the Chukchi Sea, and uses the orthogonal partial least Squares (OPLS-DA) method to analyze the correlation of the ocean acidification in the Scandinavian Sea and the Chukchi Sea. The conclusions are as follows: (1) ocean acidification is taking place in the Chukchi Sea. With the rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice and the increase of non-glacial time, the time of surface water exposure to high CO2 concentration atmosphere increased. 惟 arag1 began to occur in the surface waters of the northern Chukchi Sea in 2012. Two different 惟 arag1 water masses were found in the subsurface water of the Chukchi Sea. They were water masses at the break of the 100m deep continental shelf, and the water masses formed by the winter denatured water from the Bering Sea and the Chukchi shelf in the 200m depth of the continental slope. The boundary between the two water masses was obvious in 1994, but during the third Arctic expedition in China in 2008, the water masses of the two 惟 arag1 were found to have expanded and merged into a larger 惟 arag1 water mass. This was observed again in 2012 during China's fifth Arctic expedition. In addition, from 1994 to 2012, the distribution of in situ pH in the surface water and section can also be seen to be gradually decreasing. (2) in contrast, acidification in the Nordic Sea is not obvious. The whole sea area is in the state of stone supersaturation, and the lowest value of the observed stone saturation is 1.77 for the four voyages from 1993 to 2012. The deep water of Scandinavian Sea is mixed with many water masses, the properties of deep water are almost the same, the difference is not obvious, and the saturation of calcium carbonate decreases with the depth. The saturation compensation depth of aragonite in deep water is about 2000 m.The depth of saturation compensation line has not changed obviously for many years. The 500 m surface layer of the Nordic Sea is characterized by shallow water masses, and there is no influence of sea ice and river runoff. In the early summer, there is a dilution of melting ice water in the coastal waters of Greenland Sea. (3) the main controlling factors of ocean acidification are biological factors, and the absorption capacity, temperature and salinity of sea water to atmospheric CO2. The surface seawater with high primary productivity has higher pH value and 惟, which accords with the "phytoplankton carbonate saturation" (Phytoplankton Carbonate Saturation State,Phy CASS) model. In summer, the Chukchi Sea is influenced by the melting water of sea ice, the melting water of the surrounding continent and the runoff. The acidification of the sea of Chukchi is greatly affected by biological production and dilution of fresh water. The source of the Nordic seawater mass is stable and there is no river runoff around it. Only the waters off the coast of Greenland are affected by the dilution of melting ice. (4) as the Arctic warms, the melting of the Arctic sea ice intensifies. Years of observations show a clear correlation between ocean acidification and the current Arctic ice situation. 2008 and 2012 were the two most severe recoveries since 1980. At the same time, the Chukchi Sea ocean acidification degree is more severe than other years.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P734
本文编号：2222585
[Abstract]:Since the Industrial Revolution, CO2 in the atmosphere has grown rapidly, and the ocean absorbs CO2, from the atmosphere to cause ocean acidification. Although ocean acidification is a global phenomenon, ocean acidification in high latitudes is more obvious than that in lower latitudes. The lower p CO2, lower surface water temperature and higher melting of summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean will further increase the acidification of the Arctic Ocean. Based on the Arctic data of China and the data of CARINA database, this paper studies the ocean acidification in the Nordic Sea and the Chukchi Sea, and uses the orthogonal partial least Squares (OPLS-DA) method to analyze the correlation of the ocean acidification in the Scandinavian Sea and the Chukchi Sea. The conclusions are as follows: (1) ocean acidification is taking place in the Chukchi Sea. With the rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice and the increase of non-glacial time, the time of surface water exposure to high CO2 concentration atmosphere increased. 惟 arag1 began to occur in the surface waters of the northern Chukchi Sea in 2012. Two different 惟 arag1 water masses were found in the subsurface water of the Chukchi Sea. They were water masses at the break of the 100m deep continental shelf, and the water masses formed by the winter denatured water from the Bering Sea and the Chukchi shelf in the 200m depth of the continental slope. The boundary between the two water masses was obvious in 1994, but during the third Arctic expedition in China in 2008, the water masses of the two 惟 arag1 were found to have expanded and merged into a larger 惟 arag1 water mass. This was observed again in 2012 during China's fifth Arctic expedition. In addition, from 1994 to 2012, the distribution of in situ pH in the surface water and section can also be seen to be gradually decreasing. (2) in contrast, acidification in the Nordic Sea is not obvious. The whole sea area is in the state of stone supersaturation, and the lowest value of the observed stone saturation is 1.77 for the four voyages from 1993 to 2012. The deep water of Scandinavian Sea is mixed with many water masses, the properties of deep water are almost the same, the difference is not obvious, and the saturation of calcium carbonate decreases with the depth. The saturation compensation depth of aragonite in deep water is about 2000 m.The depth of saturation compensation line has not changed obviously for many years. The 500 m surface layer of the Nordic Sea is characterized by shallow water masses, and there is no influence of sea ice and river runoff. In the early summer, there is a dilution of melting ice water in the coastal waters of Greenland Sea. (3) the main controlling factors of ocean acidification are biological factors, and the absorption capacity, temperature and salinity of sea water to atmospheric CO2. The surface seawater with high primary productivity has higher pH value and 惟, which accords with the "phytoplankton carbonate saturation" (Phytoplankton Carbonate Saturation State,Phy CASS) model. In summer, the Chukchi Sea is influenced by the melting water of sea ice, the melting water of the surrounding continent and the runoff. The acidification of the sea of Chukchi is greatly affected by biological production and dilution of fresh water. The source of the Nordic seawater mass is stable and there is no river runoff around it. Only the waters off the coast of Greenland are affected by the dilution of melting ice. (4) as the Arctic warms, the melting of the Arctic sea ice intensifies. Years of observations show a clear correlation between ocean acidification and the current Arctic ice situation. 2008 and 2012 were the two most severe recoveries since 1980. At the same time, the Chukchi Sea ocean acidification degree is more severe than other years.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P734
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