海洋平台监测与测量装置的研究

发布时间：2018-09-06 09:40

【摘要】：海洋环境的复杂性和不确定性易对海洋平台的结构造成不利影响,对平台的安全运营形成隐患。为了保障平台的安全作业,优化平台结构设计,需要对海洋平台实施长期现场监测。市场上的很多传感器由于自身的一些特点,比如外部封装、通信方式、价格等,无法满足海洋平台监测的需求。所以有必要根据海洋平台监测需求开发平台监测专用的测量装置。本文以南海“挑战”号为背景,针对平台结构和气候环境特点,对海洋平台监测技术及测量装置进行了研究,提出了一套深海浮式平台监测方案,并开发了两款适用于平台监测的测量装置：自容式系泊测量装置和航姿参考系统。针对系泊链的姿态和位置开发了自容式系泊测量装置。该装置内部高精度的传感器和高分辨率的ADC确保了仪器的精度。从硬件和软件两方面进行低功耗设计,最大限度地延长电池使用寿命。经过严格的标定与性能测试,保证装置的稳定性与准确性。针对浮体的姿态开发了航姿参考系统。该系统由三轴加速度计、三轴陀螺仪和三轴磁强计组成,采用四元数法解算姿态,并通过卡尔曼滤波器进行信息融合来补偿四元数法的误差。对主要误差来源陀螺仪的漂移进行了小波降噪处理,提高解算精度。经实验验证该航姿参考系统能够正确的反映载体的姿态信息,证明了组成方案的可行性和算法的正确性。目前,该监测方案已经在南海“挑战”号平台实施了两年时间,获得了大量宝贵的监测数据,证实了监测方案的可行性和正确性。自容式系泊测量装置已多次应用于系泊监测。通过对监测数据的分析验证了该装置性能稳定可靠、测量数据真实可信、仪器精度和分辨率能够满足海洋平台系泊监测需求。
[Abstract]:The complexity and uncertainty of the marine environment can affect the structure of the offshore platform and cause hidden trouble to the safe operation of the platform. In order to ensure the safe operation of the platform and optimize the design of the platform structure, it is necessary to carry out long-term on-site monitoring of the offshore platform. Many sensors in the market can not meet the needs of offshore platform monitoring because of their own characteristics, such as external packaging, communication mode, price and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a special measuring device for platform monitoring according to the requirements of offshore platform monitoring. Based on the "Challenge" of the South China Sea and the characteristics of platform structure and climate environment, the monitoring technology and measuring device of offshore platform are studied in this paper, and a set of monitoring scheme of deep-sea floating platform is put forward. Two measuring devices suitable for platform monitoring are developed: self-contained mooring measuring device and attitude reference system. A self-contained mooring measuring device is developed for the attitude and position of mooring chain. The high-precision sensor and high-resolution ADC ensure the accuracy of the instrument. Low power design from hardware and software to maximize battery life. After strict calibration and performance testing to ensure the stability and accuracy of the device. Aiming at the attitude of floating body, the attitude reference system is developed. The system consists of three axis accelerometers, three axis gyroscopes and three axis magnetometers. The quaternion method is used to calculate the attitude and the Kalman filter is used for information fusion to compensate the error of the quaternion method. The drift of gyroscope, the main error source, is reduced by wavelet to improve the accuracy of calculation. Experimental results show that the attitude reference system can accurately reflect the attitude information of the carrier, which proves the feasibility of the scheme and the correctness of the algorithm. At present, the monitoring scheme has been implemented in the South China Sea "Challenge" platform for two years, and a large number of valuable monitoring data have been obtained, which proves the feasibility and correctness of the monitoring scheme. The self-contained mooring measuring device has been used in mooring monitoring many times. Through the analysis of the monitoring data, it is proved that the device is stable and reliable, the measuring data is true and reliable, and the precision and resolution of the instrument can meet the requirements of the mooring monitoring of offshore platform.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P752;TP274

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