新型浪流发电装置及叶片分析

发布时间：2018-09-10 15:40

【摘要】：能源危机、生态环境污染、偏远海岛维权等问题的出现,引发了世界各国对于无污染、可再生能源的迫切需求,开发清洁能源成为各国贯彻可持续发展战略的重要手段。占地球表面70%的海洋吸引了世界各国关注的目光,广阔的海洋蕴藏着储量惊人的可再生能源,其中最具代表性的有潮流能、波浪能等。纵观国内外海洋能技术的发展现状,国外对于波浪能和潮流能的利用相对较早,凭借着突出的资源优势,部分国外波浪能和潮流能发电装置已实现并网发电,并呈现出大装机容量、高可靠性、高转换效率等特点。我国自主设计的绝大多数海洋能发电装置仍处于研发阶段,鲜有意义重大的示范项目,与国外技术存在一定的差距。现有的国内外波能发电技术多种多样,但多级能量转换的形式大大降低了发电效率,也是造成发电成本高昂的主要原因之一。因此,如何解决能量分散不易集中、开发成本高、装置运行稳定性差等问题,成为了能否推动技术突破的关键问题。论文基于现有的波浪潮流技术及装置结构,以提升能量转换效率为目的,自主研发了一种通过S形叶轮完成能量捕获的新型浪流发电装置。装置采用特殊设计的叶轮与双边电机组的搭配可以将能量的转化效率最大化,同时兼顾电机的选型与密封、装置整体的降阻及轻量化,采用CATIA、FLUENT等软件完成装置结构的建模与仿真分析。在结构部分的设计完成后,制作了不同尺寸工程样机完成配套水槽试验及海上试验。下面逐条简述设计思路及相关试验方法:首先对比主流的海洋能利用技术发现,能量转换的中间环节是导致利用率低的原因之一,因此确定了直驱式的结构形式,省去了复杂的中间环节。参考轴流泵叶轮装置结构,设计了一种基于S形叶轮浪流发电装置,采用升力法设计叶轮结构并计算参数。其次结合实际海况及叶轮尺寸,选用细长型永磁发电机作为能量转换装置,为了达到能量利用率最大化,在叶轮两端对称布置两组发电机。为了检验结构及发电机设计能否满足海上试验的要求,开发设计了一套实验室用模拟海浪发电机测试系统,通过继电器与电磁阀控制水泵实现模拟海浪流速的效果,进而完成不同条件下发电机功率等参数的测量。随后阐述海洋能相关理论,依据设计参数选取相关计算模型、公式及流体力学系数。借助CATIA完成建模,运用FLUENT软件分析轮机的水动力性能和结构力学性能,验证了理论设计的合理性,同时将仿真分析后的轮机结构进行优化设计,相关参数用于工程样机的制造。最后将制造完成的多组工程样机分别应用于水槽及海上试验,经过试验得出结论:S形叶轮具有双边捕获性能,电机密封达到海试条件要求,轮机具有低速启动特性及优良的能量利用率。试验过程不仅积累了大量的有效数据,同时也为后期浪流能量的结合利用研究提供了新的思路。
[Abstract]:The emergence of energy crisis, ecological environment pollution, remote island rights and other issues has triggered the urgent needs of non-polluting and renewable energy sources in the world. The development of clean energy has become an important means for countries to implement sustainable development strategy. The ocean which accounts for 70% of the earth's surface has attracted the attention of all countries in the world. The vast ocean contains amazing reserves of renewable energy, among which the most representative are tidal energy, wave energy and so on. According to the development of ocean energy technology at home and abroad, the wave energy and tidal current energy are utilized relatively early abroad, and some foreign wave energy and tidal current power generation devices have realized grid power generation by virtue of their outstanding resource advantages. And presents large installed capacity, high reliability, high conversion efficiency and other characteristics. The vast majority of oceanic power generation devices designed independently in China are still in the stage of research and development. There are few significant demonstration projects and there is a certain gap between China and foreign technology. There are a variety of wave energy generation technologies at home and abroad, but the multilevel energy conversion greatly reduces the efficiency of power generation, which is one of the main reasons for the high cost of power generation. Therefore, how to solve the problems of energy dispersion, high development cost and poor operation stability becomes the key problem to promote the technical breakthrough. Based on the existing wave power flow technology and device structure, in order to improve the efficiency of energy conversion, a new type of wave current power generation device is developed in this paper, which can capture the energy through S-shaped impeller. The equipment adopts the special design impeller and the bilateral motor group collocation can maximize the energy conversion efficiency, at the same time takes into account the motor type selection and the seal, the device overall reduction resistance and the lightweight, CATIA,FLUENT and other software are used to model and simulate the device structure. After the design of the structure part is finished, different size engineering prototypes are made to complete the complete flume test and offshore test. The following is a brief description of the design ideas and related test methods: firstly, comparing with the mainstream oceanic energy utilization technology, it is found that the intermediate link of energy conversion is one of the reasons for the low utilization rate, so the structural form of the direct-drive type is determined. The complicated intermediate links are eliminated. According to the impeller structure of axial flow pump, a kind of power generation device based on S-shaped impeller wave current is designed. The lifting method is used to design the impeller structure and calculate the parameters. Secondly, considering the actual sea conditions and impeller size, the slender permanent magnet generator is selected as the energy conversion device. In order to maximize energy utilization, two sets of generators are arranged symmetrically at both ends of the impeller. In order to test whether the structure and generator design can meet the requirements of sea test, a test system of simulated wave generator used in laboratory is developed. The simulation effect of wave velocity is realized by controlling water pump with relay and solenoid valve. Furthermore, the parameters of generator power are measured under different conditions. Then the related theory of ocean energy is expounded, and the relevant calculation model, formula and hydrodynamic coefficient are selected according to the design parameters. With the help of CATIA, the hydrodynamic and structural mechanical properties of the turbine are analyzed by FLUENT software, and the rationality of the theoretical design is verified. At the same time, the optimized design of the turbine structure after simulation is carried out, and the relevant parameters are used in the manufacture of the engineering prototype. Finally, the completed multi-group engineering prototypes are applied to the flume and offshore tests respectively. It is concluded that the two-sided capture performance of the W / S impeller is obtained, and the seal of the motor meets the requirements of sea test. The turbine has low speed starting characteristic and excellent energy utilization ratio. The experiment process not only accumulates a large amount of effective data, but also provides a new idea for the research of the combination of wave and current energy in the later stage.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P742;P743

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