中国黄渤海丙烯酸的分布、产生和去除研究
发布时间：2018-09-13 15:37
【摘要】：海洋中痕量活性气体二甲基硫（DMS）及其前体β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）是海洋研究的热点之一，然而与DMS生成密切相关的另一种产物丙烯酸（AA）的研究几乎还是空白。本文于2011年至2013年对中国黄渤海夏秋季AA的浓度分布、时空变化、与环境因子的相关性进行了研究，对不同海域、不同季节AA的分布进行归纳总结。并开展现场实验探讨AA的产生和去除过程。 主要结果如下： （1）夏季表层海水中AA的浓度达到0.258μmol/L或更高，整体上来看渤海AA的浓度低于黄海；AA/Chl-a（叶绿素a）为0.28mol/g，AA/（DMSP+AA）达到0.61以上。低温高盐海域AA的生成速率增大，AA/Chl-a有最大值。长江冲淡水外围海域AA/Chl-a升高。AA/（DMSP+AA）则表现出与AA的一致性，并在黄海冷水域有低值。在长江口至济州岛连线的断面，AA表层浓度低，特别是长江冲淡水使得AA含量下降；在中层AA有高浓度值。AA/Chl-a的分布与AA一致。南黄海冷水域垂直断面上，表层AA浓度高于底层，并在20m-30m水深存在明显的次表层Chl-a最大值层，AA浓度也具有此特征；而AA/Chl-a除了在20m-30m有最大值层外，在底层低温高盐的冷水团也有较高的值。在北黄海和渤海内，AA的垂直分布表层大于底层，Chl-a也具有表层大于底层的特征，AA/Chl-a的分布与AA一致。AA的周日变化中，白天时段的浓度比夜间时段的浓度高，Chl-a也具有同样的变化趋势，而AA/Chl-a则与Chl-a的变化相反。（2）秋季黄渤海AA的浓度约为0.029μmol/L，比夏季的观测结果低一个数量级左右。渤海AA浓度低于黄海，有些站位更是在检测限以下。Chl-a约为0.5μg/L，在南黄海中部有高值区，该海域的AA浓度和细菌丰度均不低。AA/Chl-a大约为0.06mol/g，其分布与AA大体一致。南黄海冷水团海域断面分布研究显示，AA的浓度在中层20m处有最大值层，AA/Chl-a与AA分布大体一致，在60m水深以下AA/Chl-a也有高值。 （3）黄渤海海域AA浓度夏季高于秋季，细菌丰度与AA浓度并没有明显的相关。AA/（DMSP+AA）值夏季高于秋季，夏季AA的生成速率高于秋季；而DMS/AA却是秋季高于夏季。结合已开展的工作，，中国近海AA分布呈现出春夏季高于秋冬季的特征。 （4）表层海水AA、AA/Chl-a与温度和盐度均表现出正相关性。AA和AA/（DMSP+AA）与Chl-a并无明显相关性，表层海水DMS/AA与Chl-a有非常显著的正相关性。无论表层海水还是断面分布中，AA均与细菌丰度表现出正相关性。 （5）在DMSP降解过程中，观测到海水中有DMSP的降解和AA的生成现象。培养初期，AA的表观降解速率一直大于DMSP，起始浓度越高，降解速率越大，且降解越完全。在AA降解过程中，黑暗条件下起始浓度越高，AA变化速率越大，而光照条件下则恰好相反。光化学反应中前2h表现为AA的光化学生成，而后2h表现为光化学降解。
[Abstract]:Trace active gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its precursor, 尾 -dimethylmercaptopropionic acid (DMSP), are one of the hot spots in marine research. However, the study of another product, (AA), which is closely related to the formation of DMS, is almost blank. From 2011 to 2013, the concentration distribution, temporal and spatial variation of AA in summer and autumn, and the correlation with environmental factors in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in China were studied, and the distribution of AA in different sea areas and different seasons were summarized. Field experiments were carried out to explore the process of AA production and removal. The main results are as follows: (1) the concentration of AA in surface seawater in summer is 0.258 渭 mol/L or more, and the concentration of AA in Bohai Sea is lower than that of Huang Hai's AA / Chl-a (Chl a) 0.28 mol / g A / (DMSP AA) above 0.61. The formation rate of AA in the low temperature and high salt sea areas increased with the maximum value of AA / Chl-a. The increase of AA/Chl-a. AA / (DMSP AA) in the peripheral waters of Yangtze River is consistent with that of AA and has a low value in Huang Hai cold water field. The surface concentration of AA in the cross section from Changjiang Estuary to Jeju Island is low, especially the AA content is decreased due to the Yangtze River flushing fresh water, and the distribution of high concentration of AA in the middle layer is consistent with that of AA. In the vertical section of the south Huang Hai cold water field, the AA concentration in the surface layer is higher than that in the bottom layer, and the AA concentration in the maximum Chl-a layer of the subsurface layer also exists in the water depth of 20m-30m, while the AA/Chl-a has the maximum value layer in 20m-30m. At the bottom of the cold water mass with high salt and low temperature also has a higher value. When the vertical distribution of AA in the north Huang Hai and Bohai Sea is larger than that in the bottom layer of Chl-a, the distribution of AA / Chl-a is similar to the diurnal variation of AA. The concentration of AA in daytime is higher than that in nocturnal. However, the change of AA/Chl-a is opposite to that of Chl-a. (2) the concentration of AA in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea is about 0.029 渭 mol/L, in autumn, which is about an order of magnitude lower than that observed in summer. The concentration of AA in Bohai Sea is lower than that of Huang Hai, and some stations are below the detection limit. Chl-a is about 0.5 渭 g / L, and there is a high value area in the middle of South Huang Hai. The concentration of AA and the abundance of bacteria in this area are not low. The concentration of AA and the abundance of bacteria in this sea area are about 0.06 mol / g. The distribution of AA is approximately the same as that of AA. The study on the cross section distribution of southern Huang Hai cold water mass shows that the concentration of AA in the middle layer is approximately the same as that of AA at the middle level of 20 m, and the AA/Chl-a is also high below 60 m. (3) the concentration of AA in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea is higher in summer than in autumn, and the concentration of AA in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea is higher than that in autumn. There was no significant correlation between bacterial abundance and AA concentration. AA / (DMSP AA) value in summer was higher than that in autumn, and AA production rate in summer was higher than that in autumn, while DMS/AA was higher in autumn than in summer. Combined with the work carried out, the distribution of AA in the offshore waters of China showed a higher distribution in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. (4) the AA,AA/Chl-a of surface seawater showed positive correlation with temperature and salinity. AA and AA/ (DMSP AA) had no significant correlation with Chl-a. There was a significant positive correlation between DMS/AA and Chl-a in surface seawater. There was a positive correlation between AA and bacterial abundance in both surface seawater and section distribution. (5) in the process of DMSP degradation, the degradation of DMSP and the formation of AA in seawater were observed. The higher the initial concentration of DMSP, the higher the degradation rate of AA and the more complete the degradation. In the process of AA degradation, the higher the initial concentration in darkness, the greater the rate of change of AA, but the opposite was observed under light. The first 2 hours of photochemical reaction showed photochemical formation of AA and then 2 h of photochemical degradation.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P734
[Abstract]:Trace active gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its precursor, 尾 -dimethylmercaptopropionic acid (DMSP), are one of the hot spots in marine research. However, the study of another product, (AA), which is closely related to the formation of DMS, is almost blank. From 2011 to 2013, the concentration distribution, temporal and spatial variation of AA in summer and autumn, and the correlation with environmental factors in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in China were studied, and the distribution of AA in different sea areas and different seasons were summarized. Field experiments were carried out to explore the process of AA production and removal. The main results are as follows: (1) the concentration of AA in surface seawater in summer is 0.258 渭 mol/L or more, and the concentration of AA in Bohai Sea is lower than that of Huang Hai's AA / Chl-a (Chl a) 0.28 mol / g A / (DMSP AA) above 0.61. The formation rate of AA in the low temperature and high salt sea areas increased with the maximum value of AA / Chl-a. The increase of AA/Chl-a. AA / (DMSP AA) in the peripheral waters of Yangtze River is consistent with that of AA and has a low value in Huang Hai cold water field. The surface concentration of AA in the cross section from Changjiang Estuary to Jeju Island is low, especially the AA content is decreased due to the Yangtze River flushing fresh water, and the distribution of high concentration of AA in the middle layer is consistent with that of AA. In the vertical section of the south Huang Hai cold water field, the AA concentration in the surface layer is higher than that in the bottom layer, and the AA concentration in the maximum Chl-a layer of the subsurface layer also exists in the water depth of 20m-30m, while the AA/Chl-a has the maximum value layer in 20m-30m. At the bottom of the cold water mass with high salt and low temperature also has a higher value. When the vertical distribution of AA in the north Huang Hai and Bohai Sea is larger than that in the bottom layer of Chl-a, the distribution of AA / Chl-a is similar to the diurnal variation of AA. The concentration of AA in daytime is higher than that in nocturnal. However, the change of AA/Chl-a is opposite to that of Chl-a. (2) the concentration of AA in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea is about 0.029 渭 mol/L, in autumn, which is about an order of magnitude lower than that observed in summer. The concentration of AA in Bohai Sea is lower than that of Huang Hai, and some stations are below the detection limit. Chl-a is about 0.5 渭 g / L, and there is a high value area in the middle of South Huang Hai. The concentration of AA and the abundance of bacteria in this area are not low. The concentration of AA and the abundance of bacteria in this sea area are about 0.06 mol / g. The distribution of AA is approximately the same as that of AA. The study on the cross section distribution of southern Huang Hai cold water mass shows that the concentration of AA in the middle layer is approximately the same as that of AA at the middle level of 20 m, and the AA/Chl-a is also high below 60 m. (3) the concentration of AA in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea is higher in summer than in autumn, and the concentration of AA in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea is higher than that in autumn. There was no significant correlation between bacterial abundance and AA concentration. AA / (DMSP AA) value in summer was higher than that in autumn, and AA production rate in summer was higher than that in autumn, while DMS/AA was higher in autumn than in summer. Combined with the work carried out, the distribution of AA in the offshore waters of China showed a higher distribution in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. (4) the AA,AA/Chl-a of surface seawater showed positive correlation with temperature and salinity. AA and AA/ (DMSP AA) had no significant correlation with Chl-a. There was a significant positive correlation between DMS/AA and Chl-a in surface seawater. There was a positive correlation between AA and bacterial abundance in both surface seawater and section distribution. (5) in the process of DMSP degradation, the degradation of DMSP and the formation of AA in seawater were observed. The higher the initial concentration of DMSP, the higher the degradation rate of AA and the more complete the degradation. In the process of AA degradation, the higher the initial concentration in darkness, the greater the rate of change of AA, but the opposite was observed under light. The first 2 hours of photochemical reaction showed photochemical formation of AA and then 2 h of photochemical degradation.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P734
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