无人机遥感在海岛海岸带监测中的应用研究
发布时间：2018-09-14 07:49
【摘要】：海岛和海岸带地区为海洋和陆地相互作用的特殊地带,具有巨大的经济、科学和国防价值。受到自然环境和人为因素的共同影响,海岛海岸带外部形态变化很快,目前的卫星遥感、航空遥感和常规的人工测量、船载作业等监测方式已难于满足观测精度和现势性的要求,急需高灵活性、高时效性、高分辨率、低成本的监测方法。本文针对海岛海岸带测量现状,提出了基于无人机遥感的监测方法,主要工作和创新点如下:(1)编制了非量测型相机的检校程序,程序具备相机检校参数(内方位元素和畸变差参数)解算、像点的物方空间坐标解算和结果对比分析功能。(2)形成了适用于海岛海岸带地区的航线设计、像控点布测、影像获取与处理等完整的无人机作业流程,并通过应用实例证实了工作流程行之有效。(3)通过海岛海岸带地区的无人机航摄试验和GPS辅助空中三角测量技术,并采用人工布设地面靶标形成新的地面特征信息,有效地改进了像控点的布测数量和分布。(4)进行了基于无人机遥感影像的试验区岸线提取,并与基于船载三维激光扫描数据的岸线提取结果和部分实测岸线进行了相互对比,三者岸线结果基本吻合,表明基于无人机遥感开展岸线勘测是行之有效的。
[Abstract]:Islands and coastal zones are special zones for the interaction between sea and land, which have great economic, scientific and national defense value. Affected by both natural environment and human factors, the coastal zone outside the island changes rapidly. The current satellite remote sensing, aviation remote sensing and conventional manual measurements, The monitoring methods such as shipborne operation are difficult to meet the requirements of observation accuracy and present situation, and the monitoring methods with high flexibility, high time-efficiency, high resolution and low cost are urgently needed. In this paper, a remote sensing monitoring method based on UAV is proposed according to the present situation of coastal zone survey. The main work and innovations are as follows: (1) the calibration program of non-measurement camera is developed. The program has the functions of camera checking parameter (internal azimuth element and distortion difference parameter), solving the object square coordinate of image point and comparing and analyzing the result. (2) the route design suitable for the coastal zone of the island is formed, and the image control point is distributed. The work flow of UAV, such as image acquisition and processing, has been proved to be effective by an application example. (3) the aerial triangulation technique of UAV and GPS aided aerial triangulation in coastal zone of island is adopted. New ground characteristic information is formed by artificial placement of ground target, which improves the number and distribution of image control points effectively. (4) the shoreline extraction of test area based on UAV remote sensing image is carried out. The results of shoreline extraction based on 3D laser scanning data are compared with those of some measured shorelines. The results are in good agreement with each other, which indicates that it is effective to carry out shoreline survey based on UAV remote sensing.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P715.7
本文编号：2242045
[Abstract]:Islands and coastal zones are special zones for the interaction between sea and land, which have great economic, scientific and national defense value. Affected by both natural environment and human factors, the coastal zone outside the island changes rapidly. The current satellite remote sensing, aviation remote sensing and conventional manual measurements, The monitoring methods such as shipborne operation are difficult to meet the requirements of observation accuracy and present situation, and the monitoring methods with high flexibility, high time-efficiency, high resolution and low cost are urgently needed. In this paper, a remote sensing monitoring method based on UAV is proposed according to the present situation of coastal zone survey. The main work and innovations are as follows: (1) the calibration program of non-measurement camera is developed. The program has the functions of camera checking parameter (internal azimuth element and distortion difference parameter), solving the object square coordinate of image point and comparing and analyzing the result. (2) the route design suitable for the coastal zone of the island is formed, and the image control point is distributed. The work flow of UAV, such as image acquisition and processing, has been proved to be effective by an application example. (3) the aerial triangulation technique of UAV and GPS aided aerial triangulation in coastal zone of island is adopted. New ground characteristic information is formed by artificial placement of ground target, which improves the number and distribution of image control points effectively. (4) the shoreline extraction of test area based on UAV remote sensing image is carried out. The results of shoreline extraction based on 3D laser scanning data are compared with those of some measured shorelines. The results are in good agreement with each other, which indicates that it is effective to carry out shoreline survey based on UAV remote sensing.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P715.7
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