海滩—珊瑚礁海岸侵蚀及适应性管理研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 20:23

【摘要】：海滩-珊瑚礁系统作为常见的海岸组合类型,在我国南海区域普遍发育。全球气候变化和海岸带人类开发活动的影响导致珊瑚礁海岸的侵蚀现象普遍发生。本文通过对典型珊瑚礁岸段的跟踪观测,结合前人研究资料,在认识我国珊瑚礁海岸动力地貌过程的基础上,探讨其分布规律和侵蚀特征,分析侵蚀过程和原因,探讨了我国珊瑚礁海岸侵蚀的适应性管理模式。研究结论如下:(1)海滩-珊瑚礁系统的动力地貌过程:珊瑚礁岸段海滩季节性规律明显,夏季滩面窄陡且后滨堆积,冬季滩面宽缓且后滨侵蚀,而表层沉积物夏季变粗,冬季变细。珊瑚礁对相邻海滩具有良好保护作用,珊瑚礁保护下的海滩具有更好的动力适应能力和更好的稳定性。海滩-珊瑚礁系统中海滩的风暴响应特征是珊瑚礁对海岸能量的消耗能力和海滩固有的缓冲能力这两者的综合作用结果。(2)珊瑚礁海岸侵蚀特征:珊瑚礁形成的天然护岸屏障,防止或减缓海岸侵蚀,我国珊瑚岸礁发育的岸段海岸侵蚀整体上不明显。海滩侵蚀强度与珊瑚礁破坏程度具有明显的响应关系,且随着破坏程度的增强呈现出由隐性缓慢性侵蚀转变为显性爆发性侵蚀的过程。受海岸动力地貌过程和珊瑚生态发育过程控制,珊瑚礁海岸侵蚀过程可分为酝酿期、隐性期和爆发期三个阶段。(3)珊瑚礁海岸侵蚀原因:珊瑚礁海岸侵蚀原因包括珊瑚礁生态因素和海岸因素。海岸侵蚀原因要素在珊瑚礁海岸表现形式不同,其时空尺度响应有所差异,主要表现为对海平面上升、风暴和大浪潮因素带来的负面影响的减缓和降低;对导致发育环境恶化的气候变化因素的敏感反应,响应则更为快速和明显。(4)珊瑚礁海岸适应性管理:是协调珊瑚礁海岸问题,实现珊瑚、海岸两位一体管理的重要手段,其核心内容是认识海滩-珊瑚礁系统的复杂性和海岸侵蚀问题的不确定性,建立珊瑚礁海岸管理框架,基于长效监测不断适应性地对管理机制进行调整,最终实现可持续发展。
[Abstract]:As a common coastal assemblage, beach-coral reef system is widely developed in the South China Sea. Global climate change and the impact of human development activities in coastal zones have led to widespread erosion of coral reef coasts. In this paper, the distribution and erosion characteristics of typical coral reef coastal sections are discussed on the basis of understanding the dynamic geomorphological process of coral reef coast in China, and the erosion process and reasons are analyzed on the basis of tracking and observation of typical coral reef shoreline and combining with previous research data. The adaptive management model of coral reef coastal erosion in China is discussed. The results are as follows: (1) the dynamic geomorphological process of the beach-coral reef system: the seasonal regularity of the coral reef beach is obvious, the beach surface is narrow and steep in summer and the back shore accumulates, the beach width is slow and the back shore erodes in winter, but the surface sediment becomes thicker in summer. Winter is thinning. Coral reefs have good protection to adjacent beaches, and the beaches under coral reef protection have better dynamic adaptability and better stability. The characteristics of beach storm response in beach-coral reef system are the combined effect of coral reef on coastal energy consumption and beach inherent buffer capacity. (2) Coral reef coastal erosion characteristics: natural revetment barrier formed by coral reef. To prevent or slow down the coastal erosion, the coastal erosion of the coral reef developed in China is not obvious on the whole. The relationship between beach erosion intensity and coral reef damage degree is obvious, and with the increase of damage degree, the beach erosion intensity changes from recessive slow erosion to dominant explosive erosion. Controlled by coastal dynamic geomorphological process and coral ecological development process, coral reef coastal erosion process can be divided into gestation period. Recessive period and outbreak stage. (3) Coral reef coastal erosion cause: coral reef coastal erosion causes include coral reef ecological factors and coastal factors. The temporal and spatial scale responses of coastal erosion factors are different in different forms of coral reef coasts, mainly for the mitigation and reduction of the negative effects caused by sea level rise, storm and large wave factors. (4) Coral reef coastal adaptive management: an important means of reconciling coral reef coastal problems and achieving both coral and coastal management, Its core content is to understand the complexity of beach-coral reef system and the uncertainty of coastal erosion problem, to establish the framework of coral reef coastal management, to adjust the management mechanism continuously and adaptively based on long-term monitoring, and finally to realize sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P748;P737.1

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