海洋微塑料生态风险研究进展与展望

发布时间：2018-10-19 08:40

【摘要】：海洋中的微塑料是指通过各种途径进入海洋中的直径小于5 mm的塑料颗粒。在过去60年中全球塑料生产量增加了560倍,海洋环境中微塑料的积累在不断增加。微塑料或悬浮于海水中,或沉积到海底成为沉积物的组分,对海洋生态系统的潜在风险引起了研究人员的广泛关注。综述了海洋环境中微塑料的生态风险研究进展,包括微塑料在近海水体、沉积物以及大洋中的分布和浓度;底栖动物与浮游动物对微塑料的摄食作用;微塑料本身、微塑料添加剂以及微塑料吸附的污染物质对海洋生物的毒性效应研究进展。对未来需重点研究的领域进行了展望,包括微塑料采样与测定方法的优化,微塑料在不同海洋生境中的观测,微塑料的生态毒理学效应及食物链传递效应,微塑料生态风险评估方法学研究,期望能够为系统评估微塑料对我国近海生态系统的影响提供依据。
[Abstract]:Microplastics in the ocean are plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm that enter the ocean through various channels. Global plastic production has increased 560 times over the past 60 years, and the accumulation of microplastics in the marine environment is increasing. The potential risks to marine ecosystems due to microplastics being suspended in seawater or deposited on the sea floor as sediment components have attracted widespread attention from researchers. The advances in the study of ecological risks of microplastics in the marine environment are reviewed, including the distribution and concentration of microplastics in offshore waters, sediments and oceans, the feeding effects of benthos and zooplankton on microplastics, and microplastics themselves, Advances in toxicity of microplastic Additives and pollutants adsorbed by microplastics to Marine organisms. In this paper, the key research fields in the future are prospected, including the optimization of sampling and measurement methods for microplastics, the observation of microplastics in different marine habitats, the ecotoxicological effects of microplastics and the transmission effect of food chain. The study of ecological risk assessment methodology of microplastics is expected to provide a basis for the systematic assessment of the impact of microplastics on coastal ecosystems in China.
【作者单位】：中国科学院海洋研究所胶州湾生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站;青岛海洋国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：海洋专项子课题“热带西太平洋典型区域生物多样性与生物生产过程”(编号:XDA11030204) 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“陆坡浮游生物群落分布及功能”(编号:2014CB441504)资助~~
【分类号】：X55

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