2014年秋季黄河口附近海域营养现状与评价

发布时间：2018-11-02 19:32

【摘要】：根据2014年10月对黄河口附近海域56个站位水质的调查结果,分析了该海域营养盐的空间分布特征,并对该海域的营养水平和有机污染状况进行了评价。结果表明,该调查海域表、底层无机氮(DIN)平面分布表现为近岸向远岸降低的趋势,特别是在黄河口附近有高值区,且与盐度有显著负相关性,表明DIN主要来自黄河等入海径流的输入。表层海水中活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)平面分布表现为东北高西南低的趋势;底层海水中PO4-P平面分布较为均匀;PO4-P与海水盐度相关性不十分显著,表明调查海域PO4-P的补充并非主要来自黄河口等河流输入,而可能与有机物的分解矿化再生、浮游植物的大量繁殖以及海底表层沉积物中PO4-P向上输送补充等因素有关。从营养盐结构看,本次调查海域N/P均值大于Redfield比值;P与N相比显得相对缺乏。根据N/P比值与浮游植物生物密度平面分布表明,过高比值的N/P可能引起浮游植物的生长受到某一相对低含量元素的限制,从而导致浮游植物的生物密度较低。根据富营养化指数评价和有机污染综合指数计算结果,2014年秋季黄河口附近海域已处于富营养化状态,而DIN应是造成黄河口附近海域富营养化的主要因子;该海域有机污染程度属于2级,表明该海域开始受到有机污染。
[Abstract]:Based on the survey results of 56 stations near the Yellow River Estuary in October 2014, the spatial distribution characteristics of nutrients were analyzed, and the nutrient level and organic pollution in the sea area were evaluated. The results showed that the distribution of inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the bottom of the investigated sea area showed a decreasing trend from the near shore to the far shore, especially in the high value area near the Yellow River estuary, and there was a significant negative correlation between the distribution of inorganic nitrogen and salinity. The results show that the DIN mainly comes from the input of the Yellow River and other runoff into the sea. The surface distribution of active phosphate (PO4-P) in the surface seawater shows the trend of high, southwest and low in northeast China, and the PO4-P plane in the bottom seawater is more uniform. The correlation between PO4-P and salinity of seawater was not significant, which indicated that the supplement of PO4-P in the investigated sea area was not mainly from the river input such as the Yellow River estuary, but might be related to the decomposition and mineralization of organic matter. The prolificacy of phytoplankton and the upward transport of PO4-P in surface sediments are related to these factors. The average value of N / P was higher than that of Redfield in the investigated sea area, and P was relatively lacking compared with N. According to the distribution of N / P ratio and phytoplankton density, it is suggested that the high N / P ratio may cause the phytoplankton growth to be restricted by a relatively low content of elements, which leads to the low biodensity of phytoplankton. According to the evaluation of eutrophication index and the calculation of organic pollution comprehensive index, the sea area near the Yellow River Estuary was in eutrophication state in autumn 2014, and DIN should be the main factor of eutrophication near the Yellow River Estuary. The degree of organic pollution in the sea area belongs to grade 2, which indicates that the sea area is beginning to be polluted by organic matter.
【作者单位】：中海油研究总院;国家海洋局北海环境监测中心;
【分类号】：P734;X55

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