基于大气—海洋—海浪实时耦合模式的台风过程模拟研究

发布时间：2018-11-10 20:03

【摘要】：热带气旋过程涉及到海洋和大气耦合相互作用,气旋风应力引起表层水体流动、海表温度下降以及海表粗糙度变化,而上层海洋的变化又会对热带气旋发展起到反馈作用,影响热带气旋的强度和路径。在大气、海洋和波浪的数值模式中考虑大气-海洋-海浪三者间的相互耦合作用,有助于提高热带气旋过程中大气、海洋和波浪的预报或后报精度。采用MCT耦合器、中尺度大气模式WRF、三维非结构化网格海洋模式FVCOM和第三代海浪模式SWAN已初步建立了大气-海洋-波浪实时耦合模式,本文进一步完善该模式,并将其应用于实际台风过程的模拟。论文的主要内容及结论为:1.对已有大气-海洋-波浪实时耦合模式进行了完善,WRF和FVCOM之间交换变量增加WRF模式的长波辐射和短波辐射、感热通量和潜热通量、降水和蒸发、海表气压。分析积云参数化方案、微物理参数化方案和长短波辐射方案对台风强度和路径模拟效果的影响。2.选择合理WRF参数,运用耦合模式模拟2014年“威马逊”和“海鸥”台风。“威马逊”和“海鸥”台风移动路径模拟平均误差分别小于50km和35km;模拟台风强度先增大后减小的变化趋势和实况一致。耦合模式能合理模拟台风过程风场分布的偏右性。3.耦合模式能合理模拟台风过程海表温度下降及其偏右性、流场和波浪场的旋转性和偏右性。“威马逊”最大降温约4°C,“海鸥”过程中台风路径附近的深海洋面最大降温约1.4°C。台风中心位于深海洋面时,“威马逊”过程台风中心附近流速可达2m/s,“海鸥”过程台风中心附近流速可达1.25m/s。台风中心位于深海洋面时,“威马逊”过程有效波高最大值为14.8m,“海鸥”过程有效波高最大值为13.4m。
[Abstract]:The process of tropical cyclone involves the coupling of ocean and atmosphere. The stress of gas cyclone causes the surface water flow, the sea surface temperature drops and the surface roughness changes, and the change of upper ocean will give feedback to the development of tropical cyclone. Affects the intensity and path of tropical cyclones. Considering the interaction between atmosphere, ocean and wave in the numerical model of atmosphere, ocean and wave is helpful to improve the prediction accuracy of atmosphere, ocean and wave in the process of tropical cyclone. Using MCT coupler, the mesoscale atmospheric model WRF, 3D unstructured ocean model FVCOM and the third generation ocean wave model SWAN have been preliminarily established, which is further improved in this paper. It is applied to the simulation of actual typhoon process. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. The existing atmospheric ocean-wave real-time coupling model has been improved. The exchange variables between WRF and FVCOM increase the long-wave radiation and shortwave radiation, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux, precipitation and evaporation, and sea surface pressure of WRF model. The effects of cumulus parameterization scheme, microphysical parameterization scheme and short-wave radiation scheme on typhoon intensity and track simulation are analyzed. 2. Selecting reasonable WRF parameters, the coupling model was used to simulate the 2014 Typhoon Weimason and Seagull. The simulated average error of "Weimason" and "Seagull" typhoon track is less than that of 50km and 35km, respectively, and the variation trend of the simulated typhoon intensity first increases and then decreases, which is consistent with the actual situation. The coupling model can reasonably simulate the rightward distribution of typhoon wind field. 3. The coupled model can reasonably simulate the sea surface temperature drop and its rightward, the rotation and rightward of current field and wave field. The maximum cooling temperature of "Weimason" is about 4 掳C, and that of the deep-sea ocean surface near the typhoon track is about 1.4 掳C during the "seagull" process. When the typhoon center is located on the ocean surface of the deep sea, the velocity near the center of the typhoon can reach 2 m / s and the velocity near the center of the typhoon during the seagull process can reach 1.25 m / s. When the typhoon center is located on the ocean surface of deep sea, the maximum effective wave height of "Weimason" process is 14.8 m, and that of "seagull" process is 13.4 m.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P732.6

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