海洋深水钻井浅层地质灾害预测与安全作业评估

发布时间：2018-11-11 18:52

【摘要】：对我们来说海洋领域是一个巨大的石油宝库,蕴藏着我们意想不到的油气资源。在最短的时间用最少的经费开发出最多的石油资源,是我们的最终目标,只有这样才能让经济有效的发展,只有这样才能减小我们在油气资源方面的压力。在深水油气资源的勘探和开发中,我们可以看出深水钻井是一个非常重要的环节,可以说深水钻井是深水开发的必要条件之一。由于海洋的地质条件比较复杂,而且和陆地上的地质环境不一样,深水钻井会受到诸多因素影响,深水钻井面临的许多问题是不可避免的,尤其是浅层地质灾害中的天然气水合物和浅水流,对深水钻井作业将带来很多问题。国外大量的深水钻井作业实践表明,钻遇天然气水合物、浅层气及浅水流的深水表层钻井是整个深水钻井作业成败最关键的环节之一,所以说对浅层地质灾害的预测是非常有必要的。随着我国能源需求的不断增加,石油工业的不断发展,浅海及陆上可供勘探的油气储量越来越少,油气勘探作业也将逐渐由滩海向海洋深水区域发展,因此,对我国石油勘探开发技术特别是深水钻井作业技术提出了更多更高的要求。深水环境的油气田开发与常规的海洋油气田开发具有较大的差异,我国深水的勘探工作正处于起步阶段,虽然早已开展有关深水技术的系统研究,但是还没有形成有效的到深水作业技术和理论体系,更没有现场实际的作业经验可以提供和用作参考,要解决深水技术问题,只能依赖国外公司大量的昂贵协助。因此需要开展深水钻井作业及其配套工艺技术方面的研究,并通过与国外公司的合作进行学习、模仿、引进然后掌握,才能形成具有特点的中国深水配套作业技术。文章介绍了深水钻井所面临的浅层地质灾害问题,分析了深水钻井灾害事故发生的现状,对各种浅层地质灾害的形成机理、危害做了详细论述,在已有资料的基础上,运用速度场技术,反演技术及属性分析等技术对各种浅层地质灾害的预测做了验证。总结出了一套浅层地质灾害的预测流程。通过对浅层地质灾害的分析和研究,我们得出一套浅层地质灾害的流程为：首先在收集资料和消化前人成果的基础上对收集到的资料进行地震构造解释及测井、地质研究；其次根据手上的资料情况,通过三瞬处理、属性分析、反演、速度场技术及压力预测等技术手段来识别浅层地质灾害；最后通过浅层地质灾害的一些响应来判断灾害的有无及灾害可能出现的区段。
[Abstract]:For us, the ocean is a huge reservoir of oil and gas that we don't expect. It is our ultimate goal to develop the most oil resources with the least expense in the shortest time. Only in this way can the economy develop effectively and the pressure on our oil and gas resources be reduced. In the exploration and development of deep-water oil and gas resources, we can see that deep-water drilling is a very important link, it can be said that deep-water drilling is one of the necessary conditions for deep-water development. Because the geological conditions of the ocean are quite complex and different from the geological environment on land, deep-water drilling will be affected by many factors, and many problems faced by deep-water drilling are inevitable. In particular, gas hydrate and shallow water flow in shallow geological hazards will bring a lot of problems to deep water drilling. A large number of deep water drilling practices abroad show that the drilling of deep water surface layer with natural gas hydrate, shallow gas and shallow flow is one of the most critical links for the success or failure of the whole deep water drilling operation. Therefore, the prediction of shallow geological hazards is very necessary. With the continuous increase of energy demand and the development of petroleum industry in China, there are fewer and less oil and gas reserves available for exploration in shallow sea and onshore, and oil and gas exploration work will gradually develop from beach to deep sea area. More and higher requirements are put forward for petroleum exploration and development technology, especially for deep water drilling technology in China. The exploitation of oil and gas fields in deep water environment is quite different from that of conventional offshore oil and gas fields. The exploration work in deep water in China is in its infancy, although the systematic research on deep water technology has been carried out for a long time. However, there is no effective deep-water operation technology and theory system, and there is no practical operation experience in the field to provide and use for reference. In order to solve the deep-water technical problems, we can only rely on a large number of expensive assistance from foreign companies. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the research on deepwater drilling operation and its supporting technology, and to study, imitate, introduce and master the technology of deep-water drilling in China through the cooperation with foreign companies, in order to form the supporting technology of deep-water drilling in China with its characteristics. This paper introduces the problems of shallow geological hazards in deep water drilling, analyzes on the present situation of disaster accidents in deep water drilling, discusses in detail the formation mechanism and harm of various shallow geological disasters, and based on the existing data, makes a detailed discussion on the formation mechanism and harm of various shallow geological disasters. The prediction of various shallow geological hazards is verified by velocity field technique, inversion technique and attribute analysis. A set of forecasting flow of shallow geological hazard is summarized. Through the analysis and study of shallow geological hazards, we draw a set of process of shallow geological hazards: firstly, on the basis of collecting data and digesting the previous achievements, the collected data are interpreted by seismic structure, well logging and geological research; Secondly, according to the data on hand, the shallow geological hazards are identified by three instantaneous processing, attribute analysis, inversion, velocity field technology and pressure prediction. Finally, some responses of shallow geological hazards are used to judge the existence or absence of disasters and the possible zones of disasters.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TE58;P744.4

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