基于能值分析的海洋溢油生态系统服务功能损失研究
发布时间：2018-11-13 17:35
【摘要】：海洋是地球生态系统的重要组成部分，长期以来一直为人们生存发展提供着必要的物质资源和服务，是人类赖以生存的重要环境。近年来随着经济的发展，对石油的需求越来越大，海上油气开采、海洋石油运输的规模不断扩大。与此同时，海洋溢油事故也频繁发生，事故不仅造成人类生存环境质量的下降，，还使海洋生态系统遭受严重破坏。但是由于在事故处理中，人们多是关注直接的环境损失，对更为巨大的海洋生态系统服务价值损失研究并未广泛开展，导致溢油污染造成的环境损害得不到充分赔偿。因此，建立一套科学合理又简单可行的溢油污染生态系统服务损害评估指标有着重要的理论意义和实际意义。 基于以上背景，本研究将能值理论及分析方法引入海洋生态系统服务损失评价中。主要研究内容包括：（1）探讨溢油对海洋生态系统各组分的影响及现有溢油污染生态损害评估内容及方法，在对比前人研究的基础上，对海洋生态系统提供的各种服务进行合理分类，对各种服务所包含的子服务进行受损识别。（2）针对目前我国溢油生态损害评估忽视生态系统服务损失的现状，基于我国目前已有的相关研究成果，运用能值理论建立了一套完整的海洋溢油生态系统服务损失评估体系，利用该体系进行计算，使评价结果更加全面，更为客观，可信度更高。（3）将构建的评估体系应用于“塔斯曼海”轮的案例研究中，对本次溢油事故造成的海洋生态系统服务损失进行评估。 研究结果表明：溢油事故对支持服务造成的损失比重最大，其次为供给服务、调节服务。溢油污染对海洋底栖生态环境的破坏程度最为严重，与原始评估结果一致。估算的海洋生态系统服务损失总量为1645.96万元，为原始评估结果的2.2倍。同时，研究成果还能为海洋溢油生态损害评估提供定量化技术支持，建议尽快完善我国的溢油生态损害评估模式，避免今后类似事件中出现国家生态资本的无谓损失。
[Abstract]:The ocean is an important part of the earth ecosystem. For a long time, it has been providing necessary material resources and services for the survival and development of people, and it is also an important environment for human survival. In recent years, with the development of economy, the demand for oil is increasing, and the scale of offshore oil transportation is expanding. At the same time, marine oil spill accidents occur frequently, which not only lead to the deterioration of human living environment quality, but also cause serious damage to marine ecosystem. However, due to the fact that people pay more attention to the direct environmental loss in the accident treatment, the study on the loss of the value of marine ecosystem services is not widely carried out, resulting in the environmental damage caused by oil spill pollution can not be fully compensated. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to establish a set of scientific, reasonable, simple and feasible assessment indexes for ecosystem service damage caused by oil spill pollution. Based on the above background, the emergy theory and analysis method are applied to the assessment of marine ecosystem service loss. The main contents are as follows: (1) the effects of oil spill on the components of marine ecosystem and the existing assessment contents and methods of ecological damage caused by oil spill are discussed. The various services provided by marine ecosystem are classified rationally and the sub-services included in the various services are identified. (2) the current situation of ecosystem service loss is ignored in the assessment of oil spill ecological damage in China. Based on the existing relevant research results in China, an integrated evaluation system of marine oil spill ecosystem service loss is established by using the emergy theory. The evaluation results are more comprehensive and objective by using the system to calculate the loss of marine oil spill ecosystem services. (3) the evaluation system is applied to the case study of the Tasman Sea to evaluate the loss of marine ecosystem services caused by the oil spill accident. The results show that the proportion of loss caused by oil spill accident to support service is the largest, followed by supply service and regulation service. Oil spill pollution caused the most serious damage to the marine benthic ecological environment, which was consistent with the original assessment results. The estimated total loss of marine ecosystem services is 16.4596 million yuan, 2.2 times of the original assessment results. At the same time, the research results can also provide quantitative technical support for the assessment of marine oil spill ecological damage. It is suggested that China's assessment model of oil spill ecological damage should be improved as soon as possible to avoid the unnecessary loss of national ecological capital in similar incidents in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X55;X171
本文编号：2329877
[Abstract]:The ocean is an important part of the earth ecosystem. For a long time, it has been providing necessary material resources and services for the survival and development of people, and it is also an important environment for human survival. In recent years, with the development of economy, the demand for oil is increasing, and the scale of offshore oil transportation is expanding. At the same time, marine oil spill accidents occur frequently, which not only lead to the deterioration of human living environment quality, but also cause serious damage to marine ecosystem. However, due to the fact that people pay more attention to the direct environmental loss in the accident treatment, the study on the loss of the value of marine ecosystem services is not widely carried out, resulting in the environmental damage caused by oil spill pollution can not be fully compensated. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to establish a set of scientific, reasonable, simple and feasible assessment indexes for ecosystem service damage caused by oil spill pollution. Based on the above background, the emergy theory and analysis method are applied to the assessment of marine ecosystem service loss. The main contents are as follows: (1) the effects of oil spill on the components of marine ecosystem and the existing assessment contents and methods of ecological damage caused by oil spill are discussed. The various services provided by marine ecosystem are classified rationally and the sub-services included in the various services are identified. (2) the current situation of ecosystem service loss is ignored in the assessment of oil spill ecological damage in China. Based on the existing relevant research results in China, an integrated evaluation system of marine oil spill ecosystem service loss is established by using the emergy theory. The evaluation results are more comprehensive and objective by using the system to calculate the loss of marine oil spill ecosystem services. (3) the evaluation system is applied to the case study of the Tasman Sea to evaluate the loss of marine ecosystem services caused by the oil spill accident. The results show that the proportion of loss caused by oil spill accident to support service is the largest, followed by supply service and regulation service. Oil spill pollution caused the most serious damage to the marine benthic ecological environment, which was consistent with the original assessment results. The estimated total loss of marine ecosystem services is 16.4596 million yuan, 2.2 times of the original assessment results. At the same time, the research results can also provide quantitative technical support for the assessment of marine oil spill ecological damage. It is suggested that China's assessment model of oil spill ecological damage should be improved as soon as possible to avoid the unnecessary loss of national ecological capital in similar incidents in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X55;X171
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