高强度人类活动对泉州湾滨海湿地环境的影响及其对策

发布时间：2018-11-17 15:09

【摘要】：由于滨海湿地丰富的资源和优越的环境,人们对其进行了大规模的开发利用,导致了滨海湿地的丧失与生态退化。滨海湿地位于陆地-海洋-大气相互作用最活跃的地带,具有非常重要的生态意义。总结泉州湾滨海湿地水动力、地貌、生态、环境质量的特征,分析围填海、养殖、污染物排放及人工生态工程等对滨海湿地的影响。结果表明,随着社会经济的快速发展以及人类活动的显著增强,泉州湾滨海湿地面积减小,输水及输沙的路径和方式发生变化,湿地环境质量显著下降,生物多样性及生物量减少。为了实现泉州湾滨海湿地的可持续发展,提出了如下对策:(1)加强围海造地的科学管理,提倡新的围海造地方式;(2)开展海岸整治与生态修复,建设特色湿地公园;(3)挖掘海洋文化特色,发展生态旅游。本研究揭示高强度人类活动对滨海湿地环境的影响,为开展滨海湿地研究、整治与修复,为制定滨海湿地开发利用与保护对策提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Because of its abundant resources and superior environment, the coastal wetland has been exploited and utilized on a large scale, resulting in the loss and ecological degradation of the coastal wetland. Coastal wetland is located in the most active land-ocean-atmosphere interaction, and has very important ecological significance. The characteristics of hydrodynamic, geomorphological, ecological and environmental quality of coastal wetland in Quanzhou Bay are summarized. The effects of reclamation, aquaculture, pollutant discharge and artificial ecological engineering on coastal wetland are analyzed. The results show that with the rapid development of social economy and the remarkable enhancement of human activities, the area of the coastal wetland in Quanzhou Bay decreases, the path and mode of water and sediment transport changes, and the environmental quality of the wetland decreases significantly. Biodiversity and biomass decreased. In order to realize the sustainable development of coastal wetland in Quanzhou Bay, the following countermeasures are put forward: (1) strengthening the scientific management of reclaimed land, advocating new ways of reclamation, (2) carrying out coastal regulation and ecological restoration, and constructing special wetland park; (3) excavate the characteristic of marine culture and develop ecotourism. This study reveals the impact of high intensity human activities on the environment of coastal wetlands, and provides scientific basis for the research, remediation and restoration of coastal wetlands, and for the formulation of countermeasures for the development, utilization and protection of coastal wetlands.
【作者单位】：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所;
【基金】：国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金项目(2012337) 国家自然科学基金项目(41076035,41206048)~~
【分类号】：P748;X37

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