基于探地雷达图像的台湾海峡西岸海岸风沙沉积构造与沉积环境
发布时间：2018-11-27 21:21
【摘要】：选取台湾海峡西岸海岸风沙沉积为研究对象,以探地雷达为主要研究手段,在系统分析海岸风沙沉积理化性质、探地雷达参数设置、图像处理对探测结果的影响的基础上,无损探测了台湾海峡西岸常见的海岸沙席、抛物线沙丘、斜向沙脊、新月形沙丘以及海岸前丘等多种类型海岸风沙的内部构造,借助图像处理软件对探测数据进行二维和三维可视化处理,获取了较大范围的、连续的、立体的、较大深度的海岸风沙沉积构造信息,并归纳总结了其理想沉积构造模式及其所反映的沉积环境。初步研究结果表明：(1)海岸风沙沉积的粒度、含水量、盐度等理化性质,不同的天线频率,以及室内数字滤波、增益调适等图像处理环节,均会对探地雷达的探测结果产生影响。探地雷达是探测低盐度、无乔木植被的海岸风沙沉积构造的良好手段。雷达波遭遇海洋盐水信号会发生强烈衰减,因此探地雷达不太适合探测海滩的沉积构造。(2)台湾海峡西岸的海岸风沙沉积在早期潮间带波浪作用下的海滩沉积的基础之上发育而来。海滩沉积以波状交错层理和水平层理为主,海岸风沙沉积构造类型多样,广泛发育水平层理、低角度交错层理、高角度交错层理以及槽状交错层理等层理类型。不同类型的海岸风沙沉积具有各自不同的沉积构造模式,对沉积环境具有一定的指示意义。海岸沙席的沉积构造单一,无论是在平行盛行风向还是垂直盛行风向均表现为水平层理,这是在风力的作用下风沙在平坦开阔的地表成层沉积的结果。(3)风影沙丘的沉积构造较为复杂,迎风坡为倾向上风方向(NE)的交错层理,背风坡为倾向下风方向(SW)的前积层,垂直盛行风向发育高角度倾向相背的交错层理。斜向沙脊平行盛行风向为水平层理或低角度缓倾斜的斜层理,垂直盛行风向发育倾向相背的交错层理,顶部层理倾角较小。这种广泛发育的倾向相背的大角度交错层理,反映了研究区海岸带丰富的沙源、加积型沙丘表面、宽广低平的海滩和植被不断扩张的进积海岸沉积环境特征。(4)新月形沙丘和抛物线沙丘顶部为水平层理构成的顶积层,顶积层之下平行盛行风向和垂直盛行风向的层理类型大不相同。新月形沙丘垂直盛行风向为水平层理,平行盛行风向为倾向下风方向(SW)的前积层,层理倾角大,接近或达到干砂休止角。抛物线沙丘垂直盛行风向为水平层理,平行盛行风向为倾向下风方向(SW)的前积层,层理倾角较新月形沙丘小且略显下凹(弧顶上凸),可能由于落沙坡(背风坡)有朝下凹的形状,这是抛物线沙丘特有的交错层理。新月形沙丘和抛物线沙丘前积层的倾向表明东北风为台湾海峡西岸的优势风,展现了海岸沙丘在东北风的作用下不断向西南方向前进的变化过程。(5)台湾海峡西岸南北方向相同类型海岸沙丘的形态和内部构造略有不同,主要表现在：北部抛物线沙丘的开口方向为NNE,前积层倾向SSW,南部抛物线沙丘的开口方向为NE,前积层倾向SW；北部斜向沙脊和风影沙丘的长轴走向为NNE-SSW,前积层倾向SSW；南部斜向沙脊的长轴走向为NE-SW,前积层倾向SW,即存在自北向南顺转的特点,这与台湾海峡西岸主导风向的空间变化特点一致。
[Abstract]:Based on the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the sand and sand, the parameter setting of the ground and the influence of the image processing on the detection result, The non-destructive exploration of the common coastal sand table, the parabolic dune, the oblique sand ridge, the crescent-shaped sand dune and the coastal front mound in the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualization of the detection data with the aid of the image processing software, In this paper, a large-range, continuous, three-dimensional and large-depth coastal wind-sand deposition structure is obtained, and its ideal sedimentary structure model and its sedimentary environment are summarized. The results show that: (1) The particle size, water content, salinity and other physical and chemical properties, different antenna frequencies, and the indoor digital filtering, gain adjustment and other image processing links of the coastal wind-sand deposit will have an impact on the detection results of the ground-sounding radar. The sounding radar is a good means to detect the sedimentary structure of the coastal aeolian sand with low salinity and no tree vegetation. The radar wave encounters a strong attenuation of the marine brine signal, so the ground-ground radar is not too suitable to detect the sedimentary structure of the beach. (2) The coastal aeolian sand deposition in the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait is developed on the basis of the beach deposition under the wave action of the early intertidal zone. The beach is mainly composed of wave-wave cross-bedding and horizontal bedding, and the type of sand-sand deposition in the coast is diverse, with wide development of horizontal bedding, low-angle cross bedding, high-angle cross bedding, and channel-like cross bedding and other bedding types. Different types of coastal aeolian deposits have different sedimentary structure modes, and have a certain meaning to the sedimentary environment. The sedimentary structure of the coastal sand mat is single, both in the parallel prevailing wind direction or the vertical prevailing wind direction, which is the horizontal bedding, which is the result of the wind and wind under the action of the wind under the flat and open surface. (3) The sedimentary structure of the wind-shadow dune is complicated, the upwind slope is the cross bedding with the tendency of the upper wind direction (NE), the back wind slope is the front product layer with the tendency of the lower wind direction (SW), and the vertical prevailing wind direction is developed with the cross bedding with high angle tendency. The parallel prevailing wind direction of the oblique sand ridge is the horizontal bedding or the low-angle gentle inclined bedding, the vertical prevailing wind direction development tendency is the cross bedding, the top bedding inclination angle is small. The large-angle cross-bedding of this kind of extensive development reflects the rich sand-source in the research area, the surface of the plus-product-type dune, the wide and low-level beach and the growing of the sedimentary environment. (4) The top of the crescent-shaped sand dune and the top of the parabolic dune is the top-product layer of the horizontal bedding, the parallel prevailing wind direction under the top-product layer and the bedding type of the vertical prevailing wind direction are very different. The vertical prevailing wind direction of the crescent-shaped sand dune is horizontal bedding, and the parallel prevailing wind direction is the front product layer of the downwind direction (SW), with the bedding inclination angle being large, close to or reaching the dry sand rest angle. The vertical prevailing wind direction of the parabolic dune is horizontal bedding, and the parallel prevailing wind direction is the front product layer of the downwind direction (SW). The bedding inclination angle is smaller than the crescent-shaped sand dune and is slightly concave (convex on the arc top). It is possible to have a concave shape due to the sand falling slope (the back wind slope). This is the unique cross bedding of the parabolic dune. The tendency of the crescent-shaped sand dunes and the front-product layer of the parabolic dune indicates that the northeast wind is the dominant wind in the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait, and shows the changing process of the coastal sand dunes to the south to the south in the south-east wind. (5) The shape and internal structure of the same type of coastal sand dunes in the west bank of the Taiwan Strait are slightly different, mainly including: the opening direction of the parabolic dune in the north is NNE, the front product layer is inclined to SSW, the opening direction of the southern parabolic dune is NE, and the front product layer tends to be SW; The long axis of the north oblique sand ridge and the wind-shadow dune is NNE-SSW, the front product layer is inclined to SSW, the long axis of the south oblique sand ridge goes to the NE-SW, and the front product layer tends to be SW, that is, it is the characteristic of the north to south, which is consistent with the spatial change characteristics of the main wind direction in the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P736.21;P737.1
本文编号：2362069
[Abstract]:Based on the analysis of the physical and chemical properties of the sand and sand, the parameter setting of the ground and the influence of the image processing on the detection result, The non-destructive exploration of the common coastal sand table, the parabolic dune, the oblique sand ridge, the crescent-shaped sand dune and the coastal front mound in the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait, and the two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualization of the detection data with the aid of the image processing software, In this paper, a large-range, continuous, three-dimensional and large-depth coastal wind-sand deposition structure is obtained, and its ideal sedimentary structure model and its sedimentary environment are summarized. The results show that: (1) The particle size, water content, salinity and other physical and chemical properties, different antenna frequencies, and the indoor digital filtering, gain adjustment and other image processing links of the coastal wind-sand deposit will have an impact on the detection results of the ground-sounding radar. The sounding radar is a good means to detect the sedimentary structure of the coastal aeolian sand with low salinity and no tree vegetation. The radar wave encounters a strong attenuation of the marine brine signal, so the ground-ground radar is not too suitable to detect the sedimentary structure of the beach. (2) The coastal aeolian sand deposition in the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait is developed on the basis of the beach deposition under the wave action of the early intertidal zone. The beach is mainly composed of wave-wave cross-bedding and horizontal bedding, and the type of sand-sand deposition in the coast is diverse, with wide development of horizontal bedding, low-angle cross bedding, high-angle cross bedding, and channel-like cross bedding and other bedding types. Different types of coastal aeolian deposits have different sedimentary structure modes, and have a certain meaning to the sedimentary environment. The sedimentary structure of the coastal sand mat is single, both in the parallel prevailing wind direction or the vertical prevailing wind direction, which is the horizontal bedding, which is the result of the wind and wind under the action of the wind under the flat and open surface. (3) The sedimentary structure of the wind-shadow dune is complicated, the upwind slope is the cross bedding with the tendency of the upper wind direction (NE), the back wind slope is the front product layer with the tendency of the lower wind direction (SW), and the vertical prevailing wind direction is developed with the cross bedding with high angle tendency. The parallel prevailing wind direction of the oblique sand ridge is the horizontal bedding or the low-angle gentle inclined bedding, the vertical prevailing wind direction development tendency is the cross bedding, the top bedding inclination angle is small. The large-angle cross-bedding of this kind of extensive development reflects the rich sand-source in the research area, the surface of the plus-product-type dune, the wide and low-level beach and the growing of the sedimentary environment. (4) The top of the crescent-shaped sand dune and the top of the parabolic dune is the top-product layer of the horizontal bedding, the parallel prevailing wind direction under the top-product layer and the bedding type of the vertical prevailing wind direction are very different. The vertical prevailing wind direction of the crescent-shaped sand dune is horizontal bedding, and the parallel prevailing wind direction is the front product layer of the downwind direction (SW), with the bedding inclination angle being large, close to or reaching the dry sand rest angle. The vertical prevailing wind direction of the parabolic dune is horizontal bedding, and the parallel prevailing wind direction is the front product layer of the downwind direction (SW). The bedding inclination angle is smaller than the crescent-shaped sand dune and is slightly concave (convex on the arc top). It is possible to have a concave shape due to the sand falling slope (the back wind slope). This is the unique cross bedding of the parabolic dune. The tendency of the crescent-shaped sand dunes and the front-product layer of the parabolic dune indicates that the northeast wind is the dominant wind in the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait, and shows the changing process of the coastal sand dunes to the south to the south in the south-east wind. (5) The shape and internal structure of the same type of coastal sand dunes in the west bank of the Taiwan Strait are slightly different, mainly including: the opening direction of the parabolic dune in the north is NNE, the front product layer is inclined to SSW, the opening direction of the southern parabolic dune is NE, and the front product layer tends to be SW; The long axis of the north oblique sand ridge and the wind-shadow dune is NNE-SSW, the front product layer is inclined to SSW, the long axis of the south oblique sand ridge goes to the NE-SW, and the front product layer tends to be SW, that is, it is the characteristic of the north to south, which is consistent with the spatial change characteristics of the main wind direction in the West Bank of the Taiwan Strait.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P736.21;P737.1
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