基于卫星观测的闪电和雷暴对ENSO事件的响应研究
发布时间：2018-12-05 19:36
【摘要】：ENSO事件的发生,不仅会导致大尺度环流异常,还将会通过改变大气环流、局地对流和环境气象场的方式影响闪电活动的分布特征。本文基于LIS/OTD闪电格点资料(1995-2011)、热带降水测量计划任务卫星(TRMM)降水特征资料(1998-2011),研究了全球热带副热带地区(35°S-35°N)及东亚/东南亚地区(15°S-35°N,90°-130°E)季节尺度上闪电活动和雷暴对ENSO事件的响应特征,并结合欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)、美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)和国家大气研究中心(NCAR)的再分析气象资料(1995-2011)进一步分析了相应的环境气象场变化特征。主要结果如下：1.春、冬季全球热带副热带地区的闪电密度距平分布存在四类典型的区域：(1)闪电密度在ENSO冷暖相位时期都出现增加,增幅通常超过20%；(2)闪电密度在ENSO冷暖相位时期都出现减少,减幅通常不超过50%；(3)闪电密度在厄尔尼诺时期增加、拉尼娜时期减少；(4)闪电密度在厄尔尼诺时期减少、拉尼娜时期增多。厄尔尼诺时期闪电密度与海洋Nino指数(Oceanic Nino Index, ONI)显著正相关的地区主要位于赤道和南半球大洋及其沿岸,拉尼娜时期显著负相关的地区多位于南半球陆地。2.热带副热带范围内,海平面气压相对下降的区域容易出现闪电密度正距平。厄尔尼诺时期升温区(拉尼娜时期降温区)中闪电密度与ENSO强度的正相关较好。ENSO期间,太平洋及其沿岸(厄尔尼诺时期)和北印度洋沿岸(拉尼娜时期)的闪电与降水变化较为一致。3.在东亚／东南亚地区,厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)春、冬季的正距平(负距平)中心主要偏向中国东部和印度尼西亚南侧,夏、秋季的正距平(负距平)中心主要发生在赤道以北的地区。春季通常是四季中闪电密度变化强度和范围最大的季节。在厄尔尼诺时期,中国东部和印度尼西亚地区的闪电密度距平百分比与ONI显著正相关；拉尼娜时期相关性减弱,中国东部为正相关,印度尼西亚地区为负相关。厄尔尼诺时期印度尼西亚地区的闪电变化率(18%)大于中国东部(10%),拉尼娜时期中国东部闪电变化率(-21%)大于印度尼西亚地区(5%)。4.春季是厄尔尼诺时期雷暴频数距平最明显的季节,拉尼娜春、冬季的雷暴频数负距平比较明显,夏、秋季的雷暴频数正距平比较明显。与闪电相比,ENSO时期雷暴与ONI相关性减弱,且中国东部的正相关好于印度尼西亚地区。中国东部的雷暴频数变化率(厄尔尼诺时期-12%和拉尼娜时期-35%)比印度尼西亚地区(分别为7%和-3%)更大。ENSO对雷暴中闪电频数的影响主要发生在40 dBZ最大回波顶高超过10 km的强深对流系统中。5.厄尔尼诺时期的印度尼西亚地区以及拉尼娜时期的中国东部,闪电变化与雷暴强度和数量变化都有密切关系。中国东部厄尔尼诺时期的闪电变化主要与雷暴强度变化有关,印度尼西亚地区拉尼娜时期的闪电变化主要与雷暴数量变化有关。6.与对流有效位能(CAPE)和850 hPa相对湿度相比,ENSO时期东亚/东南亚地区近地层风场变化对闪电密度距平分布的影响更加明显,闪电密度正距平多出现在近地层变化风场的交汇区,闪电密度负距平多出现在近地层风场变化较小或辐散的区域,这一特征在中国以南的岛屿和近海更为突出。较大幅度的闪电密度增加常常伴随着CAPE的增加。厄尔尼诺时期850 hPa相对湿度距平和CAPE距平的分布与闪电距平对应好于拉尼娜时期,并影响到闪电密度距平的分布特征。
[Abstract]:The occurrence of ENSO event can not only lead to large-scale circulation anomaly, but also influence the distribution of lightning activity by changing the atmospheric circulation, local convection and environmental weather field. Based on the data of the LIS/ OTD flash point data (1995-2011) and the satellite (TRMM) precipitation feature of the tropical precipitation measurement plan (TRMM) (1998-2011), the global tropical and subtropical regions (35 掳 S-35 掳 N) and East Asia/ South-East Asia (15 掳 S-35 掳 N, The response characteristics of lightning and thunderstorm to the ENSO event in the 90 掳-130 掳 E) seasonal scale and combined with the European Mid-term Weather Forecast Centre (ECMWF), The NCEP and NCAR reanalysis meteorological data (1995-2011) further analyzed the corresponding environmental weather field change characteristics. The main results are as follows: 1. In the spring and winter, there are four typical regions of the lightning density in the tropical sub-tropical region in winter: (1) the lightning density increases in the temperature and cooling phase of the ENSO, and the increase is usually more than 20%; (2) the lightning density is reduced in the cold and warm phase period of the ENSO, The reduction is usually no more than 50%; (3) the lightning density is increased during the El Nino period, and the La Nina period is reduced; and (4) the lightning density is reduced during the El Nino period and the La Nina period has increased. In the El Nino period, the density of the lightning and the Nino Index (ONI) of the ocean are mainly located in the oceans of the equator and the southern hemisphere and along the coast of the southern hemisphere, and the area with a significant negative correlation in the La Nina period is located in the land of the southern hemisphere. In the tropical sub-tropical region, the region where the sea level air pressure is relatively lowered tends to occur with a positive lightning density. The lightning density in the temperature rise area of the El Nino period (the temperature reduction zone in the La Nina period) is well correlated with the intensity of ENSO. The lightning and precipitation changes of the Pacific and its coast (El Nino) and the North Indian Ocean (Nino) were more consistent during the ENSO period. In East Asia/ Southeast Asia, the center of El Nino (Nino) spring and winter is mainly in the south of China and the south of Indonesia. In the summer and autumn, the center of the positive distance (negative distance) mainly occurs in the north of the equator. Spring is usually the season in which the intensity and range of lightning density change in the four seasons. In the El Nino period, the percentage of lightning density in eastern China and Indonesia is significantly positively related to ONI; the correlation between the Rarana period and the eastern part of China is positive, and the area of Indonesia is negative. The rate of lightning change (18%) in the Indonesian area of the El Nino period is greater than that of the eastern part of China (10%), and the rate of lightning change (-21%) in the eastern part of China is greater than that of the Indonesia area (5%). In spring, the number of thunderstorm frequency in the Nino period is the most obvious season, and the negative distance of the thunderstorm frequency in the spring and winter is obviously higher than that in the summer and autumn, and the number of thunderstorm frequency in the summer and autumn is more obvious. Compared with the lightning, the correlation between the thunderstorm and ONI in the ENSO period is reduced, and the eastern part of China is well correlated with the area of Indonesia. The rate of change in the number of thunderstorms in the eastern part of China (El Nino period-12% and La Nina period-35%) is greater than that in Indonesia (7% and -3%, respectively). The influence of ENSO on the frequency of lightning in a thunderstorm is mainly in a strong-depth convection system with a maximum echo top of more than 10km at the maximum echo top of 40dBZ. The change of lightning is closely related to the intensity and the number of thunderstorms in the Indonesian region of the El Nino period and in the eastern part of China during the La Nina period. The lightning change during the El Nino period in the eastern part of China is mainly related to the change of the intensity of the thunderstorm, and the change of the lightning in the area of La Nina in Indonesia is mainly related to the change of the number of thunderstorm. Compared with the relative humidity of the convection-effective-bit energy (CAPE) and the 850 hPa relative humidity, the influence of the change of the near-formation wind field in the East-East Asia/ Southeast Asia region on the distribution of the lightning density is more obvious in the ENSO period, and the lightning density is more and more in the intersection area of the near-formation-change wind field. The density of lightning is more negative in the area of small or scattered near-formation wind field, which is more prominent in the islands and the coastal waters south of China. A larger increase in lightning density is often accompanied by an increase in CAPE. The distribution of the relative humidity of 850 hPa and the distance of the CAPE in the El Nino period and the lightning distance level correspond to the La Nina period and affect the distribution characteristics of the lightning density.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P412.27;P732
本文编号：2365360
[Abstract]:The occurrence of ENSO event can not only lead to large-scale circulation anomaly, but also influence the distribution of lightning activity by changing the atmospheric circulation, local convection and environmental weather field. Based on the data of the LIS/ OTD flash point data (1995-2011) and the satellite (TRMM) precipitation feature of the tropical precipitation measurement plan (TRMM) (1998-2011), the global tropical and subtropical regions (35 掳 S-35 掳 N) and East Asia/ South-East Asia (15 掳 S-35 掳 N, The response characteristics of lightning and thunderstorm to the ENSO event in the 90 掳-130 掳 E) seasonal scale and combined with the European Mid-term Weather Forecast Centre (ECMWF), The NCEP and NCAR reanalysis meteorological data (1995-2011) further analyzed the corresponding environmental weather field change characteristics. The main results are as follows: 1. In the spring and winter, there are four typical regions of the lightning density in the tropical sub-tropical region in winter: (1) the lightning density increases in the temperature and cooling phase of the ENSO, and the increase is usually more than 20%; (2) the lightning density is reduced in the cold and warm phase period of the ENSO, The reduction is usually no more than 50%; (3) the lightning density is increased during the El Nino period, and the La Nina period is reduced; and (4) the lightning density is reduced during the El Nino period and the La Nina period has increased. In the El Nino period, the density of the lightning and the Nino Index (ONI) of the ocean are mainly located in the oceans of the equator and the southern hemisphere and along the coast of the southern hemisphere, and the area with a significant negative correlation in the La Nina period is located in the land of the southern hemisphere. In the tropical sub-tropical region, the region where the sea level air pressure is relatively lowered tends to occur with a positive lightning density. The lightning density in the temperature rise area of the El Nino period (the temperature reduction zone in the La Nina period) is well correlated with the intensity of ENSO. The lightning and precipitation changes of the Pacific and its coast (El Nino) and the North Indian Ocean (Nino) were more consistent during the ENSO period. In East Asia/ Southeast Asia, the center of El Nino (Nino) spring and winter is mainly in the south of China and the south of Indonesia. In the summer and autumn, the center of the positive distance (negative distance) mainly occurs in the north of the equator. Spring is usually the season in which the intensity and range of lightning density change in the four seasons. In the El Nino period, the percentage of lightning density in eastern China and Indonesia is significantly positively related to ONI; the correlation between the Rarana period and the eastern part of China is positive, and the area of Indonesia is negative. The rate of lightning change (18%) in the Indonesian area of the El Nino period is greater than that of the eastern part of China (10%), and the rate of lightning change (-21%) in the eastern part of China is greater than that of the Indonesia area (5%). In spring, the number of thunderstorm frequency in the Nino period is the most obvious season, and the negative distance of the thunderstorm frequency in the spring and winter is obviously higher than that in the summer and autumn, and the number of thunderstorm frequency in the summer and autumn is more obvious. Compared with the lightning, the correlation between the thunderstorm and ONI in the ENSO period is reduced, and the eastern part of China is well correlated with the area of Indonesia. The rate of change in the number of thunderstorms in the eastern part of China (El Nino period-12% and La Nina period-35%) is greater than that in Indonesia (7% and -3%, respectively). The influence of ENSO on the frequency of lightning in a thunderstorm is mainly in a strong-depth convection system with a maximum echo top of more than 10km at the maximum echo top of 40dBZ. The change of lightning is closely related to the intensity and the number of thunderstorms in the Indonesian region of the El Nino period and in the eastern part of China during the La Nina period. The lightning change during the El Nino period in the eastern part of China is mainly related to the change of the intensity of the thunderstorm, and the change of the lightning in the area of La Nina in Indonesia is mainly related to the change of the number of thunderstorm. Compared with the relative humidity of the convection-effective-bit energy (CAPE) and the 850 hPa relative humidity, the influence of the change of the near-formation wind field in the East-East Asia/ Southeast Asia region on the distribution of the lightning density is more obvious in the ENSO period, and the lightning density is more and more in the intersection area of the near-formation-change wind field. The density of lightning is more negative in the area of small or scattered near-formation wind field, which is more prominent in the islands and the coastal waters south of China. A larger increase in lightning density is often accompanied by an increase in CAPE. The distribution of the relative humidity of 850 hPa and the distance of the CAPE in the El Nino period and the lightning distance level correspond to the La Nina period and affect the distribution characteristics of the lightning density.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P412.27;P732
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