基于RRM的海岸带生态风险评价研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 11:16

【摘要】：海岸带处于滨海陆域与近岸水体相互作用的过渡带,拥有较丰富的岸线、渔业和能源资源,为社会经济发展提供了强有力的物质和能源支撑。然而长期高强度的开发活动和不合理的资源利用,给海岸带生态系统带来了巨大环境压力和生态风险,海洋环境与经济发展之间的矛盾日益突出。科学合理的分析海岸带生态系统,准确把握造成海岸带环境污染的风险源,有利于分析各种风险源对海岸带生态系统的危害以及控制治理主要污染源,有效保护海岸带生态系统的稳定性和生物多样性,为社会经济可持续发展和人民生活环境改善提供长远的双重保障。目前关于海岸带生态系统的研究多集中于生态系统的健康评价,关于海岸带生态风险的评价比较少,已有风险评价主要从土地使用的时空变迁和景观格局的角度对海岸带生态风险表征,缺少对海岸带生态系统中的风险源和风险受体间的生态作用机制的考虑。本研究通过总结国内外关于海岸带生态系统的相关研究,考虑海岸带区域土地使用类型和生态系统结构复杂等因素,提出针对各海岸线使用类型对应的海岸带范围的界定,并基于相对风险模型(RRM)构建了适用于海岸带生态系统的风险评价模型,实现海岸带区域的生态风险空间量化,将其应用于实际海岸带生态系统风险评价,确定区域主要风险源和风险受体,为海岸带生态系统开发利用中的生态风险管理提供参考依据和理论支持。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone is located in the transitional zone of the interaction between coastal land and coastal water bodies. It has abundant shoreline, fishery and energy resources, which provides a strong material and energy support for the development of social economy. However, the long-term high-intensity exploitation activities and unreasonable utilization of resources bring great environmental pressure and ecological risk to the coastal zone ecosystem, and the contradiction between marine environment and economic development is increasingly prominent. Scientific and reasonable analysis of coastal zone ecosystem and accurate understanding of the risk sources of coastal zone environmental pollution are beneficial to the analysis of the harm of various risk sources to coastal zone ecosystem and the control of major pollution sources. It can effectively protect the stability and biodiversity of coastal ecosystem and provide long-term protection for the sustainable development of social economy and the improvement of people's living environment. At present, the research on coastal zone ecosystem is mostly focused on ecosystem health assessment, but the assessment of coastal zone ecological risk is less. The existing risk assessment is mainly based on the temporal and spatial changes of land use and landscape pattern to characterize the ecological risk in coastal zone, but it lacks the consideration of the ecological mechanism of risk sources and risk receptors in coastal zone ecosystem. Based on the summary of domestic and international studies on coastal zone ecosystem and considering the factors such as complex land use type and ecosystem structure in coastal zone, the definition of coastal zone scope corresponding to each coastline use type is put forward in this study. Based on the relative risk model (RRM), a risk assessment model for coastal zone ecosystem is constructed, which can quantify the ecological risk in coastal zone and apply it to the actual coastal ecosystem risk assessment. The main risk sources and risk receptors are determined to provide reference and theoretical support for ecological risk management in coastal ecosystem development and utilization.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P748;X826

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