基于RS、GIS的日照海岸带景观格局分析

发布时间：2018-12-16 15:20

【摘要】：海岸带是陆地和海洋相互作用的过渡地带,岩石圈、水圈、大气圈和生物圈在此交汇,是地球系统中最具有生机和活力的区域之一。随着沿海地区城市化进程的加快,人类的社会经济生活对海岸带的依赖程度逐渐增加,加大了对海岸带的开发利用,日照海岸带的景观格局发生了明显的变化。国外的研究表明景观格局的空间变化主要表现为景观斑块的形状、面积大小和空间组合的变化,并通过景观格局指数分析不同景观类型内部结构特征和空间组合关系。也有部分专家利用景观格局指数定量反映景观格局的现状及其变化过程。本研究通过分析日照市海岸带景观格局时空演变特征,研究结果将对日照海岸带生态环境保护、海岸带综合管理与海岸带开发提供决策支持。本文基于RS、GIS技术对1991年、2003年、2015年的遥感影像进行解译分析,并根据实地考察的测量结果及实地测量分析进行了分类,应用景观格局指数、动态度、景观转移矩阵、格网化和景观梯度等方法,对日照海岸带景观格局时空演变过程进行研究。研究结果表明:1991-2015年日照海岸带研究区的景观类型变化显著,耕地、林地、水体的面积逐年减少,建设用地、未利用地的面积不断扩大。日照海岸带研究区内的景观格局指数表明,景观多样性指数(SHDI)和均匀度(SHEI)逐年增加,研究区内景观要素丰富度增加,有均匀分布的趋势;景观聚合指数(AI)和景观聚集度(CONTAG)逐渐降低,各景观类型在空间上趋于分散;景观形状指数逐年增加,经济的快速发展和城市化进程加快等人类活动对研究区域的干扰加强。运用景观转移矩阵、格网化和景观梯度对日照海岸带研究区景观类型时空演变分析结果表明,从数量、速度、结构三方面的反映景观格局变化的特征。景观格局变化的空间位置分布广泛,区域差异明显,主要集中在城市周围;耕地斑块面积逐年减少;建筑用地面积逐年增加,居民点用地增加显著;林地、水域面积缓慢减少。
[Abstract]:The coastal zone is the transition zone between land and ocean, where the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere meet. It is one of the most dynamic and dynamic regions in the earth system. With the acceleration of urbanization in coastal areas, the dependence of human social and economic life on the coastal zone increases gradually, and the exploitation and utilization of the coastal zone are increased. The landscape pattern of the coastal zone in Rizhao has changed obviously. Foreign studies show that the spatial change of landscape pattern is mainly the change of landscape patch shape, area size and spatial combination, and the internal structural characteristics and spatial combination relationship of different landscape types are analyzed by landscape pattern index. Some experts use landscape pattern index to quantitatively reflect the present situation of landscape pattern and its changing process. Through analyzing the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of coastal landscape pattern in Rizhao City, the results will provide decision support for ecological environment protection, integrated coastal zone management and coastal zone development in Rizhao coastal zone. In this paper, the remote sensing images of 1991, 2003 and 2015 were interpreted and analyzed based on RS,GIS technology, and were classified according to the field survey results and field measurement analysis. The landscape pattern index, dynamic degree and landscape transfer matrix were applied. The temporal and spatial evolution of landscape pattern in Rizhao coastal zone was studied by grid and landscape gradient. The results show that the landscape types of Rizhao coastal zone changed significantly from 1991 to 2015, the area of cultivated land, woodland and water decreased year by year, and the area of construction land and unused land expanded continuously. The landscape pattern index of Rizhao coastal zone shows that the landscape diversity index (SHDI) and evenness (SHEI) (SHEI) increase year by year. The landscape aggregation index (AI) and the landscape aggregation degree (CONTAG) decreased gradually, and the landscape types tended to disperse in space. The landscape shape index increases year by year, and the human activities such as the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of the urbanization process strengthen the interference of human activities to the study area. Using landscape transfer matrix, grid and landscape gradient to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of landscape types in Rizhao coastal zone study area, the results show that the characteristics of landscape pattern change are reflected in three aspects: quantity, speed and structure. The spatial distribution of landscape pattern change is wide, the regional difference is obvious, mainly concentrated around the city; the cultivated land patch area decreases year by year; the building land area increases year by year, the residential land area increases significantly; the woodland area, the water area slowly reduces.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P901;P748

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