20世纪40年代初以来中国大陆沿海主要海湾形态变化

发布时间：2018-12-27 08:28

【摘要】：受气候变化和人类活动的影响,中国海岸带正在经历各种剧烈的变化,海湾形态变化是其中的一个重要方面。基于地形图资料与遥感影像提取20世纪40年代初至2014年7个时相的中国大陆沿海主要海湾的空间信息,进而分析海湾岸线类型结构、开发利用程度和空间位置的变化特征,以及海湾面积、形状和重心分布的变化特征。结果表明,20世纪40年代初以来,中国大陆沿海主要海湾的形态变化显著且复杂,主要体现为:海湾岸线的结构变化显著,自然岸线的长度和比例急剧减少;海湾岸线的开发利用程度持续增强;海湾岸线普遍背陆向海运动;海湾面积普遍大幅萎缩;海湾形状总体趋向复杂但个体间的差异在缩小;海湾重心分布位置普遍背陆向海迁移;海湾变化具有显著的时空差异性等。总的来说,以围填海为主的人类活动是导致海湾发生上述变化特征的主要原因。通过研究,指出应该对中国的海湾进行功能定位划分和分类管理,通过强化以海湾为基本单元的管理,促进中国海岸带综合管理能力的提高和管理目标的实现。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of climate change and human activities, the coastal zone of China is undergoing a variety of drastic changes, among which the change of Gulf morphology is one of the important aspects. Based on topographic map data and remote sensing images, the spatial information of the main coastal bays in the mainland of China from the beginning of 1940s to 2014 was extracted, and then the type structure of the shoreline of the gulf, the variation characteristics of the exploitation and utilization degree and the spatial location were analyzed. As well as the bay area, shape and center of gravity distribution change characteristics. The results show that since the early 1940s, the morphological changes of the main coastal bays in the mainland of China are significant and complex, mainly as follows: the structural changes of the gulf shoreline are remarkable, and the length and proportion of the natural shoreline decrease sharply; The exploitation and utilization of the Gulf coastline has been continuously strengthened; the Gulf shoreline is generally moving back to the sea; the Gulf area is generally shrinking; the shape of the Gulf is generally complex but the differences among individuals are shrinking. The distribution of the barycenter of the bay is generally carried out on the back of the land to the sea, and the variation of the bay has significant temporal and spatial differences. Generally speaking, the reclamations are the main causes of these changes in the gulf. Through the research, it is pointed out that the function orientation and classification management should be carried out on the gulf of China, and the comprehensive management ability of coastal zone in China should be improved and the management goal should be realized by strengthening the management of the gulf as the basic unit.
【作者单位】：中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所;中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31461143032) 中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-TZ-15,KZZD-EW-14);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDA05130703)~~
【分类号】：P737.1

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